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I had no notion of this

  • 1 notion

    noun
    1) Vorstellung, die

    not have the faintest/least notion of how/what — etc. nicht die blasseste/geringste Ahnung haben, wie/was usw.

    he has no notion of time — er hat kein Verhältnis zur Zeit

    * * *
    ['nəuʃən]
    1) (understanding: I've no notion what he's talking about.) der Begriff
    2) (an uncertain belief; an idea: He has some very odd notions.) die Vorstellung
    3) (a desire for something or to do something: He had a sudden notion to visit his aunt.) die Neigung
    * * *
    no·tion
    [ˈnəʊʃən, AM ˈnoʊ-]
    n
    1. (belief) Vorstellung f; (vague idea) Ahnung, f (of von + dat)
    ▪ the \notion that... die Vorstellung, dass...
    I haven't the faintest \notion [of] what you're talking about ich habe nicht die leiseste Ahnung, wovon du redest
    have you any \notion how much the car costs? hast du irgendeine Vorstellung davon, was das Auto kostet?
    2. (whim) Vorstellung f
    to have [or take] a \notion to do sth ( dated) ein Bedürfnis verspüren, etw zu tun
    * * *
    ['nəUSən]
    n
    1) (= idea, thought) Idee f; (= conception) Vorstellung f, Idee f; (= vague knowledge) Ahnung f; (= opinion) Meinung f, Ansicht f

    or slightest notion (of what he means) — ich habe keine Ahnung or nicht die leiseste Ahnung(, was er meint)

    that gave me the notion of inviting her — das brachte mich auf die Idee or den Gedanken, sie einzuladen

    where did you get the notion or what gave you the notion that I...? — wie kommst du denn auf die Idee, dass ich...?

    he got the notion ( into his head) that she wouldn't help him — irgendwie hat er sich (dat)

    I have a notion that... — ich habe den Verdacht, dass...

    2) (= whim) Idee f

    to have a notion to do sth — Lust haben, etw zu tun

    if he gets a notion to do something, nothing can stop him — wenn er sich (dat)

    I hit ( up)on or suddenly had the notion of going to see her — mir kam plötzlich die Idee, sie zu besuchen

    3) pl (esp US inf) Kurzwaren pl
    * * *
    notion [ˈnəʊʃn] s
    1. Begriff m ( auch MATH, PHIL), Gedanke m, Idee f, Vorstellung f, weitS. auch Ahnung f (of von):
    not have the vaguest ( oder faintest) notion of sth nicht die leiseste Ahnung von etwas haben;
    I had no notion of this davon war mir nichts bekannt;
    I have a notion that …. ich denke mir, dass …
    2. Meinung f, Ansicht f:
    fall into the notion that … auf den Gedanken kommen, dass …
    3. Neigung f, Lust f, Absicht f, Impuls m:
    he hasn’t a notion of doing it es fällt ihm gar nicht ein, es zu tun
    4. Grille f, verrückte Idee:
    take the notion of doing sth auf die Idee kommen, etwas zu tun
    5. pl besonders US Kurzwaren pl
    * * *
    noun
    1) Vorstellung, die

    not have the faintest/least notion of how/what — etc. nicht die blasseste/geringste Ahnung haben, wie/was usw.

    2) (knack, inkling)
    * * *
    n.
    Begriff -e m.
    Gedanke -n m.
    Idee -n f.

    English-german dictionary > notion

  • 2 notion

    A n
    1 ( idea) idée f ; I had a notion (that) he was married j'avais dans l'idée qu'il était marié ; I never had any notion of asking her il ne m'est jamais venu à l'idée de lui demander ; this gave him the notion of going abroad ceci lui a donné l'idée d'aller à l'étranger ; what gave you the notion that they were rich? qu'est-ce qui t'a fait penser qu'ils étaient riches? ; she has some strange notions elle a de drôles d'idées ; what a silly notion! quelle drôle d'idée! ; another one of his silly notions! encore une de ses idées à lui! ; he got the notion that he hadn't been invited il s'est mis en tête qu'on ne l'avait pas invité ; she got the notion into her head that elle s'est mis en tête l'idée que ; what put such notions into your head? qu'est-ce qui t'a mis de pareilles idées en tête? ; don't be putting notions into his head! ne lui mets pas des idées dans la tête! ;
    2 ( vague understanding) idée f, notion f ; some notion of quelques notions de ; he has no notion of what is meant by discipline il n'a aucune notion or idée de ce qu'est la discipline ; she has no notion of time elle n'a pas la notion du temps ;
    3 (whim, desire) idée f, envie f ; he had ou took a sudden notion to go for a swim il a eu l'envie soudaine d'aller nager.
    B notions npl US ( haberdashery) (articles mpl de) mercerie f.

    Big English-French dictionary > notion

  • 3 Lucy and the football

    •• * В статье обозревателя Washington Post Чарльза Краутхаммера, резко критической в отношении «виртуального мирного договора», подписанного израильскими и палестинскими политиками в Женеве, встретился следующий пассаж, который сначала привел меня в некоторое замешательство:

    •• Arafat pocketed every Israeli concession and betrayed every promise he signed in Oslo. It’s Lucy and the football all over again, and the same chorus of delusionals who so applauded Oslo – Jimmy Carter, Sandy Burger, Tom Friedman – is applauding again. This time, however, the Israeli surrender is so breathtaking, it makes Oslo look rational.
    •• Смысл фразы Lucy and the football all over again – сильно напоминающей знаменитую сентенцию Йоги Берра (it’s déjà vu all over again) – конечно, ясен, но захотелось все-таки выяснить ее происхождение, точное значение и статус. Помог, как почти всегда, гугл, выдавший следующую статью из Princeton Alumni Weekly:
    •• Lucy and the football
    •• Will basketball once again break our young columnist’s heart? I grew up in a Peanuts household. My father, a man with a deep appreciation for pathos, fell in love with Charlie Brown as a child, and numerous Peanuts anthologies lined the walls of our library.
    •• <...>
    •• One annual segment involving Charlie Brown did capture my imagination. Every fall Charlie Brown and Lucy would go outside to kick a field goal with a football. Every fall Charlie Brown would recall that the previous year Lucy had pulled the football away at the last possible moment, causing Charlie Brown to fly 10 feet in the air and land flat on his back. Every fall Lucy would patiently explain to Charlie Brown that this was the year that things would be different. And every fall Charlie Brown would again end up flat on his back as Lucy reminded him of the cruel realities of our world.
    •• <...>
    •• This season I worry that the men’s basketball team may be preparing to perform a milder version of the Lucy and the football trick on me. After I watched the Tigers get thoroughly dissected by California and St. Josephs – and as Penn made some serious noise in early-season games – I made peace with the notion that this was a rebuilding year. In fact, as we entered the Ivy League season at 4-7, I was even prepared to concede that we might ( shudder) finish lower than second in the league.
    •• So what happens? On the Monday after the first full weekend of the season, I check the scores, fully prepared for terrible news. But what I discover is that Princeton has swept Harvard and Dartmouth while Penn has managed to lose in Cambridge. And suddenly I’m a believer again.
    •• <...>
    •• But warning signs already abound. <...> For the moment, however, my early-season jitters are long forgotten. I am a convert, a true believer, orange and black to the hilt. I have trotted back to the bandwagon like a pathetic puppy and I am ready for another unexpected and magical run to the NCAA Tournament. At least until Lucy again pulls that football away.
    •• Итак, речь идет о героях комиксов серии Peanuts. В американском футболе гол «с поля» забивается игроком, для которого другой игрок (в данном случае Lucy) придерживает овальный мяч на земле. Если в последний момент мяч убирается, то бьющий с разбега теряет равновесие и действительно падает на спину. Так что можно понимать это выражение как подвох и даже подлость. Но можно посмотреть на это и с другой стороны. Чарли Браун, как сказали бы в аналогичной ситуации по-русски, опять наступает на грабли. Конечно, рекомендовать это как перевод вряд ли можно – ведь у слушающего появляется соблазн развития метафоры. Но для понимания это сравнение полезно.
    •• Остается вопрос о статусе этого выражения. Что это – реалия, крылатое выражение, аллюзия? Или вошедшее в язык фразеологическое сочетание? Судя по отсутствию этого выражения в словарях, последнее – вряд ли. Но если начнет работать механизм языковой моды, то переход в категорию фразеологизма может произойти довольно быстро.

    English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > Lucy and the football

  • 4 fancy

    1. noun

    he has taken a fancy to a new car/her — ein neues Auto/sie hat es ihm angetan

    take or catch somebody's fancy — jemandem gefallen; jemanden ansprechen

    2) (whim) Laune, die
    3) (notion) merkwürdiges Gefühl; (delusion, belief) Vorstellung, die
    4) (faculty of imagining) Fantasie, die
    5) (mental image) Fantasievorstellung, die

    just a fancy — nur Einbildung

    2. attributive adjective
    1) (ornamental) kunstvoll [Arbeit, Muster]

    fancy jewellery — Modeschmuck, der

    2) (extravagant) stolz (ugs.)
    3. transitive verb
    1) (imagine) sich (Dat.) einbilden
    2) (coll.) in imper. as excl. of surprise

    fancy that! — sieh mal einer an!; also so etwas!

    3) (suppose) glauben; denken

    ..., I fancy —..., möchte ich meinen

    4) (wish to have) mögen

    what do you fancy for dinner? — was hättest du gern zum Abendessen?

    he fancies [the idea of] doing something — er würde etwas gern tun

    do you think she fancies him? — glaubst du, sie mag ihn?

    5) (coll.): (have high opinion of)

    fancy oneself as a singer — sich für einen [großen] Sänger halten

    fancy one's/somebody's chances — seine/jemandes Chancen hoch einschätzen

    * * *
    ['fænsi] 1. plural - fancies; noun
    1) (a sudden (often unexpected) liking or desire: The child had many peculiar fancies.) die Vorliebe
    2) (the power of the mind to imagine things: She had a tendency to indulge in flights of fancy.) die Phantasie
    3) (something imagined: He had a sudden fancy that he could see Spring approaching.) die Vorstellung
    2. adjective
    (decorated; not plain: fancy cakes.) verziert
    3. verb
    1) (to like the idea of having or doing something: I fancy a cup of tea.) sich vorstellen
    2) (to think or have a certain feeling or impression (that): I fancied( that) you were angry.) sich einbilden
    3) (to have strong sexual interest in (a person): He fancies her a lot.) Lust haben
    •
    - academic.ru/26392/fanciful">fanciful
    - fancifully
    - fancy dress
    - take a fancy to
    - take one's fancy
    * * *
    fan·cy
    [ˈfæn(t)si]
    I. vt
    <- ie->
    ▪ to \fancy sth etw wollen [o mögen]; (would like to have)
    ▪ sb fancies sth jd hätte gerne etw; (feel like)
    ▪ to \fancy sth Lust auf etw akk haben; (like)
    ▪ sb fancies sth jdm gefällt etw
    I don't \fancy swimming in such dirty water in derart schmutzigem Wasser will [o möchte] ich nicht schwimmen
    I \fancy a house with a big garden ich hätte gerne ein Haus mit einem großen Garten
    do you \fancy a drink this evening? hast du Lust, heute Abend was trinken zu gehen? fam
    do you \fancy a spin in my new car? ( fam) hast du Lust auf eine Spritztour in meinem neuen Wagen? fam
    I'm not sure I \fancy the idea of going there ich weiß nicht, ob mir der Gedanke gefällt, dort hinzufahren
    to \fancy the prospect of doing sth von der Aussicht, etw zu tun, begeistert sein
    ▪ to \fancy sb (find attractive) jdn attraktiv finden, auf jdn stehen fam; (be sexually attracted by) etw von jdm wollen fam
    I always liked her without ever really \fancying her ich mochte sie immer, ohne dass ich je was von ihr wollte fam
    3. (be full of)
    ▪ to \fancy oneself BRIT ( pej) sich dat toll vorkommen
    4. (imagine as winner)
    to \fancy a horse/team/candidate ein Pferd/ein Team/einen Kandidaten favorisieren
    who do you \fancy to win the Cup this year? wer, glaubst du, wird dieses Jahr den Cup gewinnen?
    5. (believe)
    to \fancy one's chances [of doing sth] sich dat Chancen ausrechnen [etw zu tun]
    to not \fancy sb's chances jdm keine großen Chancen geben
    I didn't \fancy his chances of ever getting his novel published ich habe nicht daran geglaubt, dass er seinen Roman jemals veröffentlichen würde
    6. esp BRIT (imagine, think)
    ▪ to \fancy [that]... denken, dass...
    I fancied I saw something in the corner ich meinte, etwas in der Ecke gesehen zu haben
    she fancies herself a rebel sie hält sich für eine Rebellin
    Dick fancies himself as a singer Dick bildet sich ein, ein großer Sänger zu sein
    I used to \fancy myself captaining a great ocean liner ich habe mir früher immer vorgestellt, einen großen Ozeandampfer zu steuern
    there's rather more to this [than meets the eye], I \fancy ( dated) ich denke, da steckt mehr dahinter [als es auf den ersten Blick scheint]
    \fancy [that]! stell dir das [mal] vor!
    \fancy seeing you again! schön dich wiederzusehen!
    \fancy seeing you here! das ist aber eine Überraschung, dich hier zu sehen!, na, so was! du hier! fam
    \fancy you knowing old Ben! nicht zu fassen, dass du den alten Ben auch kennst!
    \fancy saying that to you of all people! [unglaublich,] dass man das ausgerechnet zu dir gesagt hat!
    II. n
    1. no pl (liking) Vorliebe f
    to catch [or take] sb's \fancy jdm gefallen
    to have a \fancy for sth/sb eine Vorliebe für etw/jdn haben
    to take a \fancy to sth/sb Gefallen an etw/jdm finden
    Laura's taken a \fancy to Japanese food Laura hat ihre Liebe zur japanischen Küche entdeckt
    I've taken a \fancy to that old car of yours dein altes Auto hat es mir angetan
    to tickle sb's \fancy jdn reizen
    2. no pl (whim) Laune f
    he only comes when the \fancy takes him er kommt nur, wenn ihm gerade danach ist
    to be no passing \fancy nicht nur eine vorübergehende Laune sein
    3. (idea) Vorstellung f, Fantasie f; (whimsical idea) Laune f, Grille[n] f[pl] veraltend; (notion)
    to have a \fancy that... so ein Gefühl haben, dass...
    idle [or vain] \fancy Spinnerei f pej
    these are just idle fancies of yours das sind nur so Grillen von dir fam
    4. no pl (imagination) Fantasie f
    flight of \fancy Fantasterei f pej
    ▪ fancies pl Gebäck nt (mit Zuckerguss u.ä. Verzierungen), Confiserie pl SCHWEIZ
    III. adj
    1. (elaborate) decoration, frills aufwändig; pattern ausgefallen; hairdo kunstvoll; car schick; ( fig) talk geschwollen pej
    I wanted a simple black dress, nothing \fancy ich wollte ein einfaches schwarzes Kleid, nichts Ausgefallenes
    never mind the \fancy phrases, just give us the facts reden Sie nicht lange drum herum, nennen Sie uns einfach die Fakten fam
    \fancy footwork FBALL gute Beinarbeit
    2. (whimsical) versponnen
    \fancy ideas Fantastereien pl pej
    don't you go filling his head with \fancy ideas setz ihm keinen Floh ins Ohr fam
    I keep away from the \fancy shops ich meide die teuren Nobelgeschäfte
    Eastbourne is a \fancy place Eastbourne ist ein teures Pflaster fam
    to live in a \fancy area in einem Nobelviertel wohnen
    \fancy car Nobelkarosse f fam, Luxusschlitten m fam
    \fancy foods Delikatessen pl
    \fancy prices astronomische Preise
    4. attr (fashion) Mode-
    \fancy article Modeartikel m
    5. attr BOT, ZOOL speziell gezüchtet
    6.
    ▶ \fancy footwork ( fam) Geschick nt
    she did some \fancy footwork to get out of a tight corner sie zog sich geschickt aus der Affäre fam
    * * *
    ['fnsɪ]
    1. vt
    1)

    (= like, be attracted by) I don't fancy a house in Glasgow — ich möchte kein Haus in Glasgow haben

    I didn't fancy that job/that party — die Stelle/die Party hat mich nicht gereizt

    do you fancy a walk/steak/beer? — hast du Lust zu einem Spaziergang/auf ein Steak/auf ein Bier?

    count me out, I don't fancy the idea — ohne mich, das ist nichts für mich

    I don't fancy the idea, but I'll have to do it — ich habe gar keine Lust dazu, aber ich muss es ja wohl tun

    I don't fancy THAT (idea)! —

    he fancies his chances — er meint, er hätte Chancen

    a bit of what you fancy does you good — man muss sich auch mal was Gutes gönnen

    2) (= imagine) meinen, sich (dat) einbilden; (= think) glauben

    he fancied he heard footsteps — er meinte, Schritte zu hören

    I rather fancy he has gone out —

    how long? – not long, I fancy — wie lange? – nicht lange, denke or glaube ich

    3)

    (in exclamations) fancy doing that! — so was(, das) zu tun!

    fancy him doing that! — nicht zu fassen, dass er das getan hat or tut!

    (just) fancy! (inf) — (nein) so was!, denk mal an! (inf)

    just fancy, he... (inf) — stell dir vor, er...

    fancy seeing you here! — so was, Sie hier zu sehen!

    fancy him winning! — wer hätte gedacht, dass er gewinnt!

    2. vr
    von sich eingenommen sein, sich für Wunder was halten (inf)

    he fancies himself as an actor/expert — er hält sich für einen (guten) Schauspieler/einen Experten

    3. n
    1)

    (= liking) to have a fancy for sth — Lust zu etw haben; (for food or drink) Lust auf etw (acc)

    he's taken a fancy to her/this car/the idea — sie/das Auto/die Idee hat es ihm angetan

    to take or catch sb's fancy — jdn ansprechen, jdm gefallen

    they took a fancy to go swimming — sie bekamen Lust, schwimmen zu gehen

    just as the fancy takes me/you etc — ganz nach Lust und Laune

    he only works when the fancy takes him — er arbeitet nur, wenn ihm gerade danach ist

    2) no pl (= imagination) Fantasie f, Phantasie f
    3)

    (= notion, whim) I have a fancy that... — ich habe so ein Gefühl, dass...

    he had a sudden fancy to go to Spain — ihn überkam eine plötzliche Laune, nach Spanien zu fahren

    4. adj (+er)
    1) (inf: elaborate) clothes, shoes ausgefallen; pattern, hairdo, manoeuvre kunstvoll; food, gadget raffiniert; word, language hochtrabend

    how do you like our new computer? – very fancy! — wie gefällt dir unser neuer Computer? – sehr beeindruckend!

    fancy footwork (Ftbl) — geschickte Beinarbeit; (in dancing) komplizierte Schritte pl; (fig) raffinierte Manöver pl

    2) (often pej inf: smart) house, car, clothes, shop schick (inf); school, restaurant nobel, schick (inf)
    3) (inf: high) price überhöht, gepfeffert (inf)
    * * *
    fancy [ˈfænsı]
    A s
    1. Fantasie f:
    that’s mere fancy das ist reine Fantasie; → tickle A 1
    2. Idee f, plötzlicher Einfall:
    I have a fancy that … ich habe so eine Idee, dass …;
    when the fancy takes him wenn ihm danach ist
    3. Laune f, Grille f
    4. (bloße) Einbildung. it was only a fancy of mine ich habe es mir nur eingebildet
    5. (individueller) Geschmack
    6. Ästhetik: Einbildungskraft f
    7. (for) Neigung f (zu), Vorliebe f (für), (plötzliches) Gefallen (an dat), (lebhaftes) Interesse (an dat oder für):
    a) gernhaben (akk),
    b) Lust haben auf (akk);
    take a fancy to ( oder for) Gefallen finden an (dat), sympathisch finden (akk);
    catch sb’s fancy jemandes Interesse erwecken, jemandem gefallen
    8. Tierzucht f (aus Liebhaberei)
    9. the fancy koll obs die (Sport- etc) Liebhaber pl, besonders die Boxsportanhänger pl
    B adj
    1. Fantasie…, fantastisch, ausgefallen, übertrieben:
    fancy name Fantasiename m;
    fancy price Fantasie-, Liebhaberpreis m
    2. Mode…:
    3. Fantasie…, fantasievoll, ausgefallen, reich verziert, kunstvoll, bunt
    4. US Delikatess…, extrafein:
    fancy cakes feines Gebäck, Konditoreiware f
    5. aus einer Liebhaberzucht:
    C v/t
    1. sich jemanden oder etwas vorstellen:
    fancy him to be here stell dir vor, er wäre hier;
    fancy that!
    a) stell dir vor!, denk nur!,
    b) sieh mal einer an!, nanu!;
    fancy meeting you here komisch, dass ich Sie hier treffe;
    fancy her losing wer hätte gedacht, dass sie verliert
    2. annehmen, glauben ( beide:
    that dass)
    3. fancy o.s. sich einbilden ( to be zu sein):
    fancy o.s. (very important) sich sehr wichtig vorkommen;
    fancy o.s. (as) a great scientist sich für einen großen Wissenschaftler halten
    4. gernhaben oder gern mögen, angetan sein von:
    I don’t fancy this picture dieses Bild gefällt mir nicht;
    what do you fancy for breakfast? was möchtest oder hättest du gern zum Frühstück?
    5. Lust haben auf (akk):
    fancy doing sth Lust haben, etwas zu tun;
    I fancy going for a walk ich habe Lust, einen Spaziergang zu machen;
    I’d fancy an ice cream ich hätte Lust auf ein Eis
    6. Tiere, Pflanzen (aus Liebhaberei) züchten
    7. fancy up US umg ein Auto etc aufmotzen
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (taste, inclination)

    he has taken a fancy to a new car/her — ein neues Auto/sie hat es ihm angetan

    take or catch somebody's fancy — jemandem gefallen; jemanden ansprechen

    2) (whim) Laune, die
    3) (notion) merkwürdiges Gefühl; (delusion, belief) Vorstellung, die
    4) (faculty of imagining) Fantasie, die
    5) (mental image) Fantasievorstellung, die
    2. attributive adjective
    1) (ornamental) kunstvoll [Arbeit, Muster]

    fancy jewellery — Modeschmuck, der

    2) (extravagant) stolz (ugs.)
    3. transitive verb
    1) (imagine) sich (Dat.) einbilden
    2) (coll.) in imper. as excl. of surprise

    fancy meeting you here! — na, so etwas, Sie hier zu treffen!

    fancy that! — sieh mal einer an!; also so etwas!

    3) (suppose) glauben; denken

    ..., I fancy —..., möchte ich meinen

    4) (wish to have) mögen

    he fancies [the idea of] doing something — er würde etwas gern tun

    do you think she fancies him? — glaubst du, sie mag ihn?

    5) (coll.): (have high opinion of)

    fancy oneself as a singer — sich für einen [großen] Sänger halten

    fancy one's/somebody's chances — seine/jemandes Chancen hoch einschätzen

    * * *
    n.
    Laune -n f.

    English-german dictionary > fancy

  • 5 idea

    1) (opinion; belief: I have an idea that it won't work.) creencia, impresión
    2) (a plan: I've an idea for solving this problem.) idea
    3) (mental picture: This will give you an idea of what I mean.) idea
    idea n idea

    Del verbo idear: ( conjugate idear) \ \
    idea es: \ \
    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo
    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
    Multiple Entries: idea     idear
    idea sustantivo femenino idea;
    ◊ la idea de libertad the idea o concept of freedom;
    es de ideas fijas he has very set ideas about things; no tiene idea de cómo funciona he has no idea how it works; no tengo idea I don't have a clue; hacerse una idea de la situación to get an idea of the situation; se me ocurre una idea I've got an idea; cambió de idea she changed her mind; hacerse (a) la idea de algo to get used to the idea of sth
    idea sustantivo femenino
    1 idea
    idea fija, fixed idea
    2 (representación, concepto) idea: la simple idea de volver a verle me pone nervioso, the very thought of seeing him again makes me all jittery (noción) idea: para que te hagas una idea..., so that you can get an idea...
    tiene muy poca idea de lo que cuesta, she has very little idea of what it costs
    3 (opinión, juicio) idea, opinion: te lo advierto, ésta no es la idea que yo tengo de la diversión, mind you, that's not my idea of fun
    tiene ideas peligrosas sobre el poder, he has dangerous ideas about power
    cambiar de idea, to change one's mind
    4 (intención) intention
    a mala idea, on purpose
    5 (proyecto, plan, ocurrencia) idea: teme que le roben la idea, she's afraid someone might steal her idea
    vino con la idea de ir a la playa, she came with the idea of going to the beach exclamación ¡vaya una idea!, the very idea! Locuciones: hacerse a la idea de, to get used to the idea of familiar no tener ni idea, to have no idea o not to have a clue: no tenía ni idea de que hubieras regresado, I had no idea that you were back (ser ignorante) no tengo ni (la más remota/puñetera) idea de fútbol, I haven't got a clue about football
    ideas de bombero, absurd ideas
    idear verbo transitivo
    1 (un invento, diseño) to devise, invent
    2 (una teoría, un plan) to think up, conceive ' idea' also found in these entries: Spanish: abandono - acariciar - acierto - acoger - acogida - advertir - aferrarse - añadidura - anticipo - borrosa - borroso - bosquejar - bosquejo - buena - bueno - cabeza - cambiar - chifladura - concepto - confusa - confuso - convencer - cosa - decir - definida - definido - desechar - desterrar - dónde - exclusión - flor - formarse - fríamente - gestarse - gustar - hacerse - hoy - impracticable - inicialmente - intención - irse - leve - luminosa - luminoso - madurar - menor - mentalizarse - neta - neto - noción English: abandon - adjust - advance - afterthought - amusement - appealing - assumption - barmy - better - brainstorm - brainwave - brilliant - bring forward - bristle - catch - catch on - change - cling - clue - come up with - conception - confused - convey - crazy - daft - daring - dated - defunct - dismiss - distinct - downside - drift - embody - embrace - face - faint - fall in with - fanciful - fasten on to - flirt - fluid - foggy - fundamental - get across - get through - hit on - hit upon - idea - idiotic - illusion
    tr[aɪ'dɪə]
    1 (gen) idea; (opinion) idea, opinión nombre femenino
    ■ that's a good idea! ¡es una buena idea!
    ■ I've got an idea! ¡tengo una idea!, ¡se me ocurre una idea!
    ■ whose idea was this anyway? ¿de quién era la idea?, ¿a quién se le ocurrió esto?
    ■ whatever gave you that idea? ¿cómo se te ha ocurrido (pensar) eso?, ¿de dónde has sacado esta idea?
    ■ do you know where he is? --no, but I've got a very good idea! ¿sabes dónde está? --no, pero tengo una ligera sospecha
    ■ well, you might as well get used to the idea bueno, ya puedes irte haciendo a la idea
    ■ I've an idea you threw it away creo que lo tiraste, tengo la impresión de que lo tiraste
    3 (concept) concepto
    ■ what's your idea of happiness? ¿cuál es tu concepto de la felicidad?
    1 (aim, purpose) idea, intención nombre femenino, objetivo
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    the (very) idea of it! ¡vaya ocurrencia!, ¡qué ocurrencia!, ¡a quién se le ocurre!, ¡ni hablar!
    to get the idea (understand) comprender, entender, captar 2 (learn) aprender
    to get ideas hacerse ilusiones
    to give somebody ideas dar ilusiones a alguien
    to have no idea no tener idea, no tener ni idea
    ■ I've no idea! ¡ni idea!
    not to have the first idea about something no tener ni la más mínima idea de algo
    to hit on the idea of something ocurrírsele la idea a alguien
    to put ideas into somebody's head meter ideas en la cabeza a alguien
    that's the idea! ¡eso es!, ¡así se hace!
    what's the big idea? ¿qué pasa aquí?, ¿qué es esto?, ¿qué te has creído?
    idea [aɪ'di:ə] n
    : idea f
    n.
    • concepto s.m.
    • idea s.f.
    • magín s.m.
    • noción s.f.
    'aɪ'diːə, aɪ'diə
    1)
    a) (plan, suggestion) idea f
    b) (purpose, principle) idea f

    you get the idea don't you? — entiendes ¿no?

    2) (notion, impression) idea f

    my idea of Ireland — la idea que yo tengo or me hago de Irlanda

    can you give me some idea of what happened? — ¿me puedes dar una idea de lo que pasó?

    where is he? - (I've) no idea! — ¿dónde está? - (no tengo) ni idea

    whatever gave you that idea? — ¿de dónde sacaste esa idea?

    to put ideas in o into somebody's head, to give somebody ideas — meterle ideas en la cabeza a alguien

    3) ( view) idea f, opinión f
    [aɪ'dɪǝ]
    N
    1) (=thought, plan) idea f

    the idea is to sell it — la idea or el plan es venderlo

    • it wouldn't be a bad idea to paint it — no le vendría mal pintarlo

    • whose bright idea was it to come this way? — iro ¿quién ha tenido la bonita or feliz idea de venir por aquí? *

    • you'll have to buck up your ideas — tendrás que menearte

    • the idea never entered my head — ni se me pasó esa idea por la cabeza

    • to get an idea for a novel — encontrar una idea para una novela

    don't go getting ideas — (=build up one's hopes) no te hagas ilusiones; (=be presumptuous) no se te ocurra

    • to get used to the idea of sth — hacerse a la idea de algo

    • to give sb ideas — meter ideas en la cabeza a algn

    whatever gave you that idea? — ¿como se te ha ocurrido semejante cosa?

    • good idea! — ¡buena idea!

    what a good idea! — ¡qué idea más buena!

    • to have an idea — tener una idea

    I suddenly had the idea of going to see her — de repente se me ocurrió ir a verla, de repente tuve la idea de ir a verla

    • he hit on the idea of painting it red — se le ocurrió pintarlo de rojo

    • to put ideas into sb's head — meter ideas en la cabeza a algn

    • the very idea!, what an idea! — ¡qué ocurrencias!

    2) (=understanding) idea f

    • have you any idea how ridiculous you look? — ¿tienes idea de lo ridículo que estás?

    • I haven't the foggiest idea — no tengo ni la menor or más remota or más mínima idea

    • what(ever) gave you that idea? — ¿de dónde sacaste eso?

    • to get an idea of sth — hacerse una idea de algo

    • you're getting the idea — (=understanding) estás empezando a comprender; (=getting the knack) estás cogiendo el tino or truco

    where did you get that idea? — ¿de dónde sacaste eso?

    • I haven't the least idea — no tengo ni la menor or más remota or más mínima idea

    • I've no idea! — ¡ni idea!

    it was awful, you've no idea — no te puedes hacer una idea de lo horrible que fue

    I had no idea that... — no tenía ni idea or la menor idea de que...

    • I haven't the slightest idea — no tengo ni la menor or más remota or más mínima idea

    • he has some idea of French — tiene algo de idea de francés

    3) (=conception, notion) idea f

    there may be some truth in the idea that... — puede que haya algo de cierto en la idea de que...

    she has some odd ideas about how to bring up children — tiene unas ideas muy raras or una opinión muy rara de cómo criar a los niños

    • it wasn't my idea of a holiday — no era la idea que yo tengo de unas vacaciones

    • if that's your idea of fun — si eso es lo que tú entiendes por diversión

    4) (=vague idea) impresión f

    • to have an idea that... — tener la impresión de que...

    5) (=purpose) intención f, idea f

    • what's the big idea? * — ¿a qué viene eso? *

    6) (=estimate) idea f

    • can you give me a rough idea of how many you want? — ¿puede darme una idea aproximada de cuántos quiere?

    * * *
    ['aɪ'diːə, aɪ'diə]
    1)
    a) (plan, suggestion) idea f
    b) (purpose, principle) idea f

    you get the idea don't you? — entiendes ¿no?

    2) (notion, impression) idea f

    my idea of Ireland — la idea que yo tengo or me hago de Irlanda

    can you give me some idea of what happened? — ¿me puedes dar una idea de lo que pasó?

    where is he? - (I've) no idea! — ¿dónde está? - (no tengo) ni idea

    whatever gave you that idea? — ¿de dónde sacaste esa idea?

    to put ideas in o into somebody's head, to give somebody ideas — meterle ideas en la cabeza a alguien

    3) ( view) idea f, opinión f

    English-spanish dictionary > idea

  • 6 idea

    noun
    1) (conception) Idee, die; Gedanke, der

    arrive at an idea — auf eine Idee od. einen Gedanken kommen

    the idea of going abroad — der Gedanke od. die Vorstellung, ins Ausland zu fahren

    give/get some idea of something — einen Überblick über etwas (Akk.) geben/einen Eindruck von etwas bekommen

    get the idea [of something] — verstehen, worum es [bei etwas] geht

    somebody's idea of something — (coll.) jemandes Vorstellung von etwas

    not my idea of... — (coll.) nicht, was ich mir unter... (Dat.) vorstelle

    he has no idea — (coll.) er hat keine Ahnung (ugs.)

    2) (mental picture) Vorstellung, die

    what gave you that idea? — wie bist du darauf gekommen?

    get the idea that... — den Eindruck bekommen, dass...

    get or have ideas — (coll.) (be rebellious) auf dumme Gedanken kommen (ugs.); (be ambitious) sich (Dat.) Hoffnungen machen

    3) (vague notion) Ahnung, die; Vorstellung, die

    have you any idea [of] how...? — weißt du ungefähr, wie...?

    you can have no idea [of] how... — du kannst dir gar nicht vorstellen, wie...

    not have the remotest or slightest or faintest or (coll.) foggiest idea — nicht die entfernteste od. mindeste od. leiseste Ahnung haben

    I suddenly had the idea that... — mir kam plötzlich der Gedanke, dass...

    I've an idea that... — ich habe so eine Ahnung, dass...

    the [very] idea!, what an idea! — (coll.) unvorstellbar!; allein die Vorstellung!

    4) (plan) Idee, die

    good idea! — [das ist eine] gute Idee!

    that's an idea — (coll.) das ist eine gute Idee

    that gives me an idea — das hat mich auf eine Idee gebracht

    the idea was that... — der Plan war, dass...

    what's the big idea? — (iron.) was soll das?; was soll der Blödsinn? (ugs.)

    * * *
    1) (opinion; belief: I have an idea that it won't work.) die Meinung
    2) (a plan: I've an idea for solving this problem.) die Idee
    3) (mental picture: This will give you an idea of what I mean.) die Vorstellung
    * * *
    [aɪˈdɪə, -ˈdi:ə, AM -ˈdi:ə]
    n
    1. (notion) Vorstellung f
    what an \idea! ( fam) du hast Vorstellungen!
    the [very] \idea of it! ( fam) allein die Vorstellung!
    that gives me an \idea, we could... da kommt mir [gerade] ein Gedanke — wir könnten...
    whatever gave you that \idea? wie kommst du denn [bloß] darauf?
    whose bright \idea was that? ( iron) wessen Geistesblitz war das denn? iron fam
    the \idea never entered my head der Gedanke ist mir nie in den Sinn gekommen
    he's got the \idea into his head that... er bildet sich doch glatt ein, dass...
    don't you start [or go] getting any \ideas about a new carpet! den Gedanken an einen neuen Teppich kannst du gleich vergessen!
    to get \ideas ( fam) auf dumme Gedanken kommen
    to give sb \ideas ( fam) jdn auf dumme Gedanken bringen
    to put \ideas into sb's head jdm Flausen in den Kopf setzen, jdn auf dumme Gedanken bringen
    2. (purpose)
    ▪ the \idea die Absicht, der Zweck
    what's the big \idea? ( usu iron) wozu soll das gut sein?
    the \idea behind all this... das Ganze soll dazu dienen,...
    you're getting the \idea now allmählich kommst du dahinter
    the \idea was to meet at the pub eigentlich wollten wir uns in der Kneipe treffen
    what's the \idea of keeping us all waiting? was denken Sie sich eigentlich dabei, uns alle warten zu lassen?
    3. (suggestion) Idee f, Einfall m
    what a great \idea! was für eine glänzende Idee!
    that's an \idea! ( fam) das ist eine gute Idee!
    I don't think it's a good \idea to... ich halte es für keine gute Idee,...
    to bubble with good \ideas vor [o von] guten Einfällen nur so übersprudeln
    to give sb the \idea of doing sth jdn auf die Idee [o den Gedanken] bringen, etw zu tun
    to toy with the \idea of doing sth mit der Idee [o dem Gedanken] spielen, etw zu tun
    4. (knowledge) Begriff m
    to give sb an \idea of sth jdm eine [ungefähre] Vorstellung von etw dat geben
    to have an \idea of sth eine Vorstellung von etw dat haben
    I've got a pretty good \idea why they left early ich kann mir denken, warum sie so früh gegangen sind
    have you any \idea of what you're asking me to do? weißt du eigentlich, um was du mich da bittest?
    to have [got] no \idea ( fam) keine Ahnung haben
    to have no \idea that... ( fam) keine Ahnung [davon] haben, dass...
    to not have the slightest [or ( fam) faintest] \idea nicht die leiseste Ahnung [o fam den blassesten Schimmer] haben
    5. (conception) Ansicht f, Auffassung f
    his \idea of a good evening is loads of booze unter einem gelungenen Abend versteht er jede Menge Alkohol
    ▪ to not be sb's \idea of sth ( fam) nicht jds Vorstellung von etw dat entsprechen
    this is not my \idea of fun ( fam) das verstehe ich nicht unter Spaß!
    * * *
    [aI'dɪə]
    n
    1) Idee f (ALSO PHILOS); (esp sudden) Einfall m

    what an idea! — so eine or was für eine Idee!

    who thought of that idea? — wer hat sich (dat) denn das einfallen lassen?

    the very idea! — (nein,) so was!

    the idea never entered my head! — auf den Gedanken bin ich überhaupt nicht gekommen

    to hit upon the idea of doing sth — den plötzlichen Einfall haben, etw zu tun

    that gives me an idea, we could... — da fällt mir ein, wir könnten...

    to lack ideas — fantasielos or phantasielos or einfallslos sein

    somehow he's got the idea into his head that... — er bildet sich (dat) irgendwie ein, dass...

    where did you get the idea that I was ill? — wie kommst du auf den Gedanken, dass ich krank war?

    don't get ideas or don't you go getting ideas about promotion — machen Sie sich (dat) nur keine falschen Hoffnungen auf eine Beförderung

    don't get or go getting any ideas about that fur coat — bilde dir nur nicht ein, du würdest den Pelzmantel bekommen

    to put ideas into sb's head — jdm einen Floh ins Ohr setzen, jdn auf dumme Gedanken bringen

    2)

    (= purpose) the idea was to meet at 6 — wir wollten uns um 6 treffen

    what's the idea of keeping him waiting? — was soll denn das, ihn warten zu lassen?

    the idea is to reduce expenditure — es geht darum, die Ausgaben zu senken

    he sat down with the idea of writing a letter — er setzte sich mit der Absicht, einen Brief zu schreiben

    that's the idea — so ist es richtig, genau (das ists)!

    you're getting the idea — Sie verstehen langsam, worum es geht

    3) (= opinion) Meinung f, Ansicht f; (= conception) Vorstellung f

    if that's your idea of fun — wenn Sie das lustig finden, wenn das Ihre Vorstellung von Spaß ist

    he has no idea of right and wrong —

    his idea of a pleasant evening is... — seine Vorstellung von einem angenehmen Abend ist...

    4) (= knowledge) Ahnung f

    you've no idea how worried I've been — du kannst dir nicht vorstellen, welche Sorgen ich mir gemacht habe

    I have an idea that... —

    I had no idea that... — ich hatte ja keine Ahnung, dass...

    just to give me an idea of how long it will take — damit ich so ungefähr weiß, wie lange es dauert

    could you give me an idea of how long...? — könnten Sie mir ungefähr sagen, wie lange...?

    to give you an idea of how difficult it is — um Ihnen eine Vorstellung davon zu vermitteln, wie schwierig es ist

    * * *
    idea [aıˈdıə] s
    1. Idee f, Vorstellung f, Begriff m:
    that’s not my idea of … unter (dat) … stelle ich mir etwas anderes vor; das ist nicht (gerade) das, was ich mir unter (dat) … vorstelle;
    she’s everyone’s idea of a pretty girl sie entspricht der allgemeinen Vorstellung von einem hübschen Mädchen; sie ist das, was man sich allgemein unter einem hübschen Mädchen vorstellt;
    form an idea of sich etwas vorstellen, sich einen Begriff machen von;
    get ideas sich falsche Hoffnungen oder Vorstellungen machen;
    don’t get the wrong idea, I … versteh mich nicht falsch, ich …;
    give sb an ( oder some) idea of jemandem eine Vorstellung geben von;
    can you give me an idea how ( where, etc) …? kannst du mir ungefähr sagen, wie (wo etc) …?;
    he has no idea (of it) er hat keine Ahnung (davon);
    it was so cold - you’ve no idea! du kannst dir gar nicht vorstellen, wie kalt es war;
    I’ve got a pretty good idea where he is ich kann mir ganz gut vorstellen, wo er ist;
    you have no idea how … du kannst dir gar nicht vorstellen, wie …;
    put ideas into sb’s head jemandem Flausen in den Kopf setzen;
    the very idea of (doing) sth schon der Gedanke an etwas (daran, etwas zu tun);
    the idea of such a thing!, the (very) idea!, what an idea! was für eine Idee!, so ein Unsinn!;
    idea of reference PSYCH Beziehungsidee;
    ideas pl of reference PSYCH Beziehungswahn m
    2. Gedanke m, Meinung f, Ansicht f:
    it is my idea that … ich bin der Ansicht, dass …
    3. Absicht f, Plan m, Gedanke m, Idee f:
    it was his idea to cancel ( oder that we should cancel) the performance es war seine Idee, die Vorstellung abzusagen; die Idee, die Vorstellung abzusagen, stammte von ihm;
    that’s not a bad idea das ist keine schlechte Idee, das ist gar nicht schlecht;
    the idea is … der Zweck der Sache ist, …; es geht darum, …;
    that’s the idea! darum dreht es sich!, so ist es!;
    the idea entered my mind mir kam der Gedanke;
    I’ve got the idea ich habe verstanden; → academic.ru/6815/big">big A 7, faint A 2, foggy 3 a, rough A 12
    4. unbestimmtes Gefühl:
    I have an idea that … ich habe so das Gefühl, dass …; es kommt mir (so) vor, als ob …
    5. PHIL Idee f:
    a) geistige Vorstellung
    b) Ideal(vorstellung) n(f)
    c) Urbild n (Plato)
    d) unmittelbares Objekt des Denkens (Locke, Descartes)
    e) transzendentaler Vernunftbegriff (Kant)
    f) (das) Absolute (Hegel)
    6. besonders MUS Idee f, Thema n
    * * *
    noun
    1) (conception) Idee, die; Gedanke, der

    arrive at an idea — auf eine Idee od. einen Gedanken kommen

    the idea of going abroad — der Gedanke od. die Vorstellung, ins Ausland zu fahren

    give/get some idea of something — einen Überblick über etwas (Akk.) geben/einen Eindruck von etwas bekommen

    get the idea [of something] — verstehen, worum es [bei etwas] geht

    somebody's idea of something — (coll.) jemandes Vorstellung von etwas

    not my idea of... — (coll.) nicht, was ich mir unter... (Dat.) vorstelle

    he has no idea — (coll.) er hat keine Ahnung (ugs.)

    2) (mental picture) Vorstellung, die

    get the idea that... — den Eindruck bekommen, dass...

    get or have ideas — (coll.) (be rebellious) auf dumme Gedanken kommen (ugs.); (be ambitious) sich (Dat.) Hoffnungen machen

    3) (vague notion) Ahnung, die; Vorstellung, die

    have you any idea [of] how...? — weißt du ungefähr, wie...?

    you can have no idea [of] how... — du kannst dir gar nicht vorstellen, wie...

    not have the remotest or slightest or faintest or (coll.) foggiest idea — nicht die entfernteste od. mindeste od. leiseste Ahnung haben

    I suddenly had the idea that... — mir kam plötzlich der Gedanke, dass...

    I've an idea that... — ich habe so eine Ahnung, dass...

    the [very] idea!, what an idea! — (coll.) unvorstellbar!; allein die Vorstellung!

    4) (plan) Idee, die

    good idea! — [das ist eine] gute Idee!

    that's an idea — (coll.) das ist eine gute Idee

    the idea was that... — der Plan war, dass...

    what's the big idea? — (iron.) was soll das?; was soll der Blödsinn? (ugs.)

    * * *
    n.
    Anschauung f.
    Begriff -e m.
    Einfall -¨e m.
    Gedanke -n m.
    Idee -n f.
    Meinung -en f.
    Plan ¨-e m.
    Vorstellung f.

    English-german dictionary > idea

  • 7 Mind

       It becomes, therefore, no inconsiderable part of science... to know the different operations of the mind, to separate them from each other, to class them under their proper heads, and to correct all that seeming disorder in which they lie involved when made the object of reflection and inquiry.... It cannot be doubted that the mind is endowed with several powers and faculties, that these powers are distinct from one another, and that what is really distinct to the immediate perception may be distinguished by reflection and, consequently, that there is a truth and falsehood which lie not beyond the compass of human understanding. (Hume, 1955, p. 22)
       Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white Paper, void of all Characters, without any Ideas: How comes it to be furnished? Whence comes it by that vast store, which the busy and boundless Fancy of Man has painted on it, with an almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of Reason and Knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from Experience. (Locke, quoted in Herrnstein & Boring, 1965, p. 584)
       The kind of logic in mythical thought is as rigorous as that of modern science, and... the difference lies, not in the quality of the intellectual process, but in the nature of things to which it is applied.... Man has always been thinking equally well; the improvement lies, not in an alleged progress of man's mind, but in the discovery of new areas to which it may apply its unchanged and unchanging powers. (Leґvi-Strauss, 1963, p. 230)
       MIND. A mysterious form of matter secreted by the brain. Its chief activity consists in the endeavor to ascertain its own nature, the futility of the attempt being due to the fact that it has nothing but itself to know itself with. (Bierce, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 55)
       [Philosophy] understands the foundations of knowledge and it finds these foundations in a study of man-as-knower, of the "mental processes" or the "activity of representation" which make knowledge possible. To know is to represent accurately what is outside the mind, so to understand the possibility and nature of knowledge is to understand the way in which the mind is able to construct such representation.... We owe the notion of a "theory of knowledge" based on an understanding of "mental processes" to the seventeenth century, and especially to Locke. We owe the notion of "the mind" as a separate entity in which "processes" occur to the same period, and especially to Descartes. We owe the notion of philosophy as a tribunal of pure reason, upholding or denying the claims of the rest of culture, to the eighteenth century and especially to Kant, but this Kantian notion presupposed general assent to Lockean notions of mental processes and Cartesian notions of mental substance. (Rorty, 1979, pp. 3-4)
       Under pressure from the computer, the question of mind in relation to machine is becoming a central cultural preoccupation. It is becoming for us what sex was to Victorians-threat, obsession, taboo, and fascination. (Turkle, 1984, p. 313)
       7) Understanding the Mind Remains as Resistant to Neurological as to Cognitive Analyses
       Recent years have been exciting for researchers in the brain and cognitive sciences. Both fields have flourished, each spurred on by methodological and conceptual developments, and although understanding the mechanisms of mind is an objective shared by many workers in these areas, their theories and approaches to the problem are vastly different....
       Early experimental psychologists, such as Wundt and James, were as interested in and knowledgeable about the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system as about the young science of the mind. However, the experimental study of mental processes was short-lived, being eclipsed by the rise of behaviorism early in this century. It was not until the late 1950s that the signs of a new mentalism first appeared in scattered writings of linguists, philosophers, computer enthusiasts, and psychologists.
       In this new incarnation, the science of mind had a specific mission: to challenge and replace behaviorism. In the meantime, brain science had in many ways become allied with a behaviorist approach.... While behaviorism sought to reduce the mind to statements about bodily action, brain science seeks to explain the mind in terms of physiochemical events occurring in the nervous system. These approaches contrast with contemporary cognitive science, which tries to understand the mind as it is, without any reduction, a view sometimes described as functionalism.
       The cognitive revolution is now in place. Cognition is the subject of contemporary psychology. This was achieved with little or no talk of neurons, action potentials, and neurotransmitters. Similarly, neuroscience has risen to an esteemed position among the biological sciences without much talk of cognitive processes. Do the fields need each other?... [Y]es because the problem of understanding the mind, unlike the wouldbe problem solvers, respects no disciplinary boundaries. It remains as resistant to neurological as to cognitive analyses. (LeDoux & Hirst, 1986, pp. 1-2)
       Since the Second World War scientists from different disciplines have turned to the study of the human mind. Computer scientists have tried to emulate its capacity for visual perception. Linguists have struggled with the puzzle of how children acquire language. Ethologists have sought the innate roots of social behaviour. Neurophysiologists have begun to relate the function of nerve cells to complex perceptual and motor processes. Neurologists and neuropsychologists have used the pattern of competence and incompetence of their brain-damaged patients to elucidate the normal workings of the brain. Anthropologists have examined the conceptual structure of cultural practices to advance hypotheses about the basic principles of the mind. These days one meets engineers who work on speech perception, biologists who investigate the mental representation of spatial relations, and physicists who want to understand consciousness. And, of course, psychologists continue to study perception, memory, thought and action.
    ... [W]orkers in many disciplines have converged on a number of central problems and explanatory ideas. They have realized that no single approach is likely to unravel the workings of the mind: it will not give up its secrets to psychology alone; nor is any other isolated discipline-artificial intelligence, linguistics, anthropology, neurophysiology, philosophy-going to have any greater success. (Johnson-Laird, 1988, p. 7)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Mind

  • 8 Science

       It is a common notion, or at least it is implied in many common modes of speech, that the thoughts, feelings, and actions of sentient beings are not a subject of science.... This notion seems to involve some confusion of ideas, which it is necessary to begin by clearing up. Any facts are fitted, in themselves, to be a subject of science, which follow one another according to constant laws; although those laws may not have been discovered, nor even to be discoverable by our existing resources. (Mill, 1900, B. VI, Chap. 3, Sec. 1)
       One class of natural philosophers has always a tendency to combine the phenomena and to discover their analogies; another class, on the contrary, employs all its efforts in showing the disparities of things. Both tendencies are necessary for the perfection of science, the one for its progress, the other for its correctness. The philosophers of the first of these classes are guided by the sense of unity throughout nature; the philosophers of the second have their minds more directed towards the certainty of our knowledge. The one are absorbed in search of principles, and neglect often the peculiarities, and not seldom the strictness of demonstration; the other consider the science only as the investigation of facts, but in their laudable zeal they often lose sight of the harmony of the whole, which is the character of truth. Those who look for the stamp of divinity on every thing around them, consider the opposite pursuits as ignoble and even as irreligious; while those who are engaged in the search after truth, look upon the other as unphilosophical enthusiasts, and perhaps as phantastical contemners of truth.... This conflict of opinions keeps science alive, and promotes it by an oscillatory progress. (Oersted, 1920, p. 352)
       Most of the fundamental ideas of science are essentially simple, and may, as a rule, be expressed in a language comprehensible to everyone. (Einstein & Infeld, 1938, p. 27)
       A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it. (Planck, 1949, pp. 33-34)
       [Original quotation: "Eine neue wissenschaftliche Wahrheit pflegt sich nicht in der Weise durchzusetzen, dass ihre Gegner ueberzeugt werden und sich as belehrt erklaeren, sondern vielmehr dadurch, dass die Gegner allmaehlich aussterben und dass die heranwachsende Generation von vornherein mit der Wahrheit vertraut gemacht ist." (Planck, 1990, p. 15)]
       I had always looked upon the search for the absolute as the noblest and most worth while task of science. (Planck, 1949, p. 46)
       If you cannot-in the long run-tell everyone what you have been doing, your doing has been worthless. (SchroЁdinger, 1951, pp. 7-8)
       Even for the physicist the description in plain language will be a criterion of the degree of understanding that has been reached. (Heisenberg, 1958, p. 168)
       The old scientific ideal of episteґmeґ-of absolutely certain, demonstrable knowledge-has proved to be an idol. The demand for scientific objectivity makes it inevitable that every scientific statement must remain tentative forever. It may indeed be corroborated, but every corroboration is relative to other statements which, again, are tentative. Only in our subjective experiences of conviction, in our subjective faith, can we be "absolutely certain." (Popper, 1959, p. 280)
       The layman, taught to revere scientists for their absolute respect for the observed facts, and for the judiciously detached and purely provisional manner in which they hold scientific theories (always ready to abandon a theory at the sight of any contradictory evidence) might well have thought that, at Miller's announcement of this overwhelming evidence of a "positive effect" [indicating that the speed of light is not independent from the motion of the observer, as Einstein's theory of relativity demands] in his presidential address to the American Physical Society on December 29th, 1925, his audience would have instantly abandoned the theory of relativity. Or, at the very least, that scientists-wont to look down from the pinnacle of their intellectual humility upon the rest of dogmatic mankind-might suspend judgment in this matter until Miller's results could be accounted for without impairing the theory of relativity. But no: by that time they had so well closed their minds to any suggestion which threatened the new rationality achieved by Einstein's world-picture, that it was almost impossible for them to think again in different terms. Little attention was paid to the experiments, the evidence being set aside in the hope that it would one day turn out to be wrong. (Polanyi, 1958, pp. 12-13)
       The practice of normal science depends on the ability, acquired from examplars, to group objects and situations into similarity sets which are primitive in the sense that the grouping is done without an answer to the question, "Similar with respect to what?" (Kuhn, 1970, p. 200)
       Science in general... does not consist in collecting what we already know and arranging it in this or that kind of pattern. It consists in fastening upon something we do not know, and trying to discover it. (Collingwood, 1972, p. 9)
       Scientific fields emerge as the concerns of scientists congeal around various phenomena. Sciences are not defined, they are recognized. (Newell, 1973a, p. 1)
       This is often the way it is in physics-our mistake is not that we take our theories too seriously, but that we do not take them seriously enough. I do not think it is possible really to understand the successes of science without understanding how hard it is-how easy it is to be led astray, how difficult it is to know at any time what is the next thing to be done. (Weinberg, 1977, p. 49)
       Science is wonderful at destroying metaphysical answers, but incapable of providing substitute ones. Science takes away foundations without providing a replacement. Whether we want to be there or not, science has put us in a position of having to live without foundations. It was shocking when Nietzsche said this, but today it is commonplace; our historical position-and no end to it is in sight-is that of having to philosophize without "foundations." (Putnam, 1987, p. 29)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Science

  • 9 run

    run [rʌn]
    course ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b) excursion ⇒ 1 (c) trajet ⇒ 1 (e) vol ⇒ 1 (f) série ⇒ 1 (i), 1 (k) tendance ⇒ 1 (l) ruée ⇒ 1 (m) diriger ⇒ 2 (a) organiser ⇒ 2 (b) (faire) marcher ⇒ 2 (c), 3 (k) courir ⇒ 2 (e), 3 (a), 3 (b) transporter ⇒ 2 (i) conduire ⇒ 2 (k) (faire) passer ⇒ 2 (l), 2 (m), 3 (d) se sauver ⇒ 3 (c) couler ⇒ 3 (h), 3 (i) fondre ⇒ 3 (i) circuler ⇒ 3 (l) durer ⇒ 3 (m) être à l'affiche ⇒ 3 (n) (se) présenter ⇒ 2 (q), 3 (r)
    (pt ran [ræn], pp run, cont running)
    1 noun
    (a) (action) course f;
    ∎ he took a short run and cleared the gate après un court élan il a franchi la barrière;
    ∎ at a run en courant;
    ∎ to go for a run aller faire du jogging;
    ∎ to go for a 5-mile run ≃ courir 8 kilomètres;
    ∎ I took the dog for a run in the park j'ai emmené le chien courir dans le parc;
    ∎ two policemen arrived at a run deux policiers sont arrivés au pas de course;
    ∎ to break into a run se mettre à courir;
    ∎ to make a run for it prendre la fuite, se sauver;
    ∎ the murderer is on the run le meurtrier est en cavale;
    ∎ she was on the run from her creditors/the police elle essayait d'échapper à ses créanciers/à la police;
    ∎ we've got them on the run! nous les avons mis en déroute!;
    ∎ figurative we have the run of the house while the owners are away nous disposons de toute la maison pendant l'absence des propriétaires;
    ∎ we give the au pair the run of the place nous laissons à la jeune fille au pair la libre disposition de la maison;
    ∎ you've had a good run (for your money), it's time to step down tu en as bien profité, maintenant il faut laisser la place à un autre;
    ∎ they gave the Russian team a good run for their money ils ont donné du fil à retordre à l'équipe soviétique;
    ∎ familiar to have the runs (diarrhoea) avoir la courante
    (b) (race) course f;
    ∎ a charity run une course de charité
    (c) (drive) excursion f, promenade f;
    ∎ we went for a run down to the coast nous sommes allés nous promener au bord de la mer;
    ∎ she took me for a run in her new car elle m'a emmené faire un tour dans sa nouvelle voiture;
    ∎ humorous shall I make or do a beer run? je vais chercher de la bière?;
    ∎ I do the school run in the morning c'est moi qui emmène les enfants à l'école tous les matins
    (d) (for smuggling) passage m;
    ∎ the gang used to make runs across the border le gang passait régulièrement la frontière
    (e) (route, itinerary) trajet m, parcours m;
    ∎ the buses on the London to Glasgow run les cars qui font le trajet ou qui assurent le service Londres-Glasgow;
    ∎ he used to do the London (to) Glasgow run (pilot, bus or train driver) il faisait la ligne Londres-Glasgow;
    ∎ it's only a short run into town le trajet jusqu'au centre-ville n'est pas long;
    ∎ there was very little traffic on the run down nous avons rencontré très peu de circulation
    (f) Aviation (flight) vol m, mission f;
    ∎ bombing run mission f de bombardement
    (g) Sport (in cricket, baseball) point m;
    ∎ to make 10 runs marquer 10 points
    (h) (track → for skiing, bobsleighing) piste f
    (i) (series, sequence) série f, succession f, suite f;
    ∎ they've had a run of ten defeats ils ont connu dix défaites consécutives;
    ∎ the recent run of events la récente série d'événements;
    ∎ a run of bad luck une série ou suite de malheurs;
    ∎ you seem to be having a run of good/bad luck on dirait que la chance est/n'est pas de ton côté en ce moment;
    ∎ the play had a triumphant run on Broadway la pièce a connu un succès triomphal à Broadway;
    ∎ the play had a run of nearly two years la pièce a tenu l'affiche (pendant) presque deux ans;
    ∎ to have a long run (of fashion, person in power) tenir longtemps; (of play) tenir longtemps l'affiche;
    ∎ in the long/short run à long/court terme
    (k) (of product) lot m, série f; (of book) tirage m;
    ∎ a run of fewer than 500 would be uneconomical fabriquer une série de moins de 500 unités ne serait pas rentable
    (l) (general tendency, trend) tendance f;
    ∎ to score against the run of play marquer contre le jeu;
    ∎ I was lucky and got the run of the cards j'avais de la chance, les cartes m'étaient favorables;
    ∎ the usual run of colds and upset stomachs les rhumes et les maux de ventre habituels;
    ∎ she's well above the average or ordinary run of students elle est bien au-dessus de la moyenne des étudiants;
    ∎ the ordinary run of mankind le commun des mortels;
    ∎ in the ordinary run of things normalement, en temps normal;
    ∎ out of the common run hors du commun
    (m) (great demand → on product, currency, Stock Exchange) ruée f (on sur);
    ∎ the heatwave caused a run on suntan cream la vague de chaleur provoqua une ruée sur les crèmes solaires;
    ∎ a run on the banks un retrait massif des dépôts bancaires;
    ∎ Stock Exchange there was a run on the dollar il y a eu une ruée sur le dollar
    (n) (operation → of machine) opération f;
    ∎ computer run passage m machine
    (o) (bid → in election) candidature f;
    ∎ his run for the presidency sa candidature à la présidence
    (p) (ladder → in stocking, tights) échelle f, maille f filée;
    ∎ I've got a run in my tights mon collant est filé
    (q) (enclosure → for animals) enclos m;
    ∎ chicken run poulailler m
    (r) (of salmon) remontée f
    (s) Music roulade f
    (a) (manage → company, office) diriger, gérer; (→ shop, restaurant, club) tenir; (→ theatre) diriger; (→ farm) exploiter; (→ newspaper, magazine) rédiger; (→ house) tenir; (→ country) gouverner, diriger;
    ∎ she runs the bar while her parents are away elle tient le bar pendant l'absence de ses parents;
    ∎ a badly run organization une organisation mal gérée;
    ∎ the library is run by volunteer workers la bibliothèque est tenue par des bénévoles;
    ∎ the farm was too big for him to run alone la ferme était trop grande pour qu'il puisse s'en occuper seul;
    ∎ who's running this outfit? qui est le patron ici?;
    ∎ I wish she'd stop trying to run my life! j'aimerais bien qu'elle arrête de me dire comment vivre ma vie!
    (b) (organize, lay on → service, course, contest) organiser; (→ train, bus) mettre en service;
    ∎ to run a bridge tournament/a raffle organiser un tournoi de bridge/une tombola;
    ∎ they run evening classes in computing ils organisent des cours du soir en informatique;
    ∎ they run extra trains in the summer l'été ils mettent (en service) des trains supplémentaires;
    ∎ several private companies run buses to the airport plusieurs sociétés privées assurent un service d'autobus pour l'aéroport
    (c) (operate → piece of equipment) faire marcher, faire fonctionner; Computing (program) exécuter, faire tourner;
    ∎ you can run it off solar energy/the mains vous pouvez le faire fonctionner à l'énergie solaire/sur secteur;
    ∎ this computer runs most software on peut utiliser la plupart des logiciels sur cet ordinateur;
    ∎ Aviation to run the engines (for checking) faire le point fixe;
    ∎ I can't afford to run a car any more je n'ai plus les moyens d'avoir une voiture;
    ∎ she runs a Porsche elle roule en Porsche
    (d) (conduct → experiment, test) effectuer
    (e) (do or cover at a run → race, distance) courir;
    ∎ to run the marathon courir le marathon;
    ∎ I can still run 2 km in under 7 minutes j'arrive encore à courir ou à couvrir 2 km en moins de 7 minutes;
    ∎ the children were running races les enfants faisaient la course;
    ∎ the race will be run in Paris next year la course aura lieu à Paris l'année prochaine;
    ∎ to run messages or errands faire des commissions ou des courses;
    ∎ he'd run a mile if he saw it il prendrait ses jambes à son cou s'il voyait ça;
    ∎ it looks as if his race is run on dirait qu'il a fait son temps
    ∎ to be run off one's feet être débordé;
    ∎ you're running the poor boy off his feet! le pauvre, tu es en train de l'épuiser!;
    ∎ to run oneself to a standstill courir jusqu'à l'épuisement
    (g) (enter for race → horse, greyhound) faire courir
    (h) (hunt, chase) chasser;
    ∎ to run deer chasser le cerf;
    ∎ the outlaws were run out of town les hors-la-loi furent chassés de la ville
    (i) (transport → goods) transporter; (give lift to → person) conduire, emmener;
    ∎ I'll run you to the bus stop je vais te conduire à l'arrêt de bus;
    ∎ to run sb back home reconduire qn chez lui;
    ∎ I've got to run these boxes over to my new house je dois emporter ces boîtes dans ma nouvelle maison
    (j) (smuggle) faire le trafic de;
    ∎ he's suspected of running drugs/guns il est soupçonné de trafic de drogue/d'armes
    (k) (drive → vehicle) conduire;
    ∎ I ran the car into the driveway j'ai mis la voiture dans l'allée;
    ∎ could you run your car back a bit? pourriez-vous reculer un peu votre voiture?;
    ∎ I ran my car into a lamppost je suis rentré dans un réverbère (avec ma voiture);
    ∎ he tried to run me off the road! il a essayé de me faire sortir de la route!
    (l) (pass, quickly or lightly) passer;
    ∎ he ran his hand through his hair il se passa la main dans les cheveux;
    ∎ he ran a comb through his hair il se donna un coup de peigne;
    ∎ I'll run a duster over the furniture je passerai un coup de chiffon sur les meubles;
    ∎ she ran her hands over the controls elle promena ses mains sur les boutons de commande;
    ∎ she ran her finger down the list/her eye over the text elle parcourut la liste du doigt/le texte des yeux
    ∎ it would be better to run the wires under the floorboards ce serait mieux de faire passer les fils sous le plancher;
    ∎ we could run a cable from the house nous pourrions amener un câble de la maison;
    ∎ run the other end of the rope through the loop passez l'autre bout de la corde dans la boucle
    (n) (go through or past → blockade) forcer; (→ rapids) franchir; American (→ red light) brûler
    (o) (cause to flow) faire couler;
    ∎ run the water into the basin faites couler l'eau dans la cuvette;
    ∎ to run a bath faire couler un bain
    (p) (publish) publier;
    ∎ the local paper is running a series of articles on the scandal le journal local publie une série d'articles sur le scandale;
    ∎ to run an ad (in the newspaper) passer ou faire passer une annonce (dans le journal)
    ∎ they're running a candidate in every constituency ils présentent un candidat dans chaque circonscription
    ∎ to run a temperature or fever avoir de la fièvre
    ∎ to run the danger or risk of doing sth courir le risque de faire qch;
    ∎ you run the risk of a heavy fine vous risquez une grosse amende;
    ∎ do you realize the risks you're running? est-ce que vous réalisez les risques que vous prenez?
    (a) (gen) courir;
    ∎ I run every morning in the park je cours tous les matins dans le parc;
    ∎ to come running towards sb accourir vers qn;
    ∎ they ran out of the house ils sont sortis de la maison en courant;
    ∎ to run upstairs/downstairs monter/descendre l'escalier en courant;
    ∎ I had to run for the train j'ai dû courir pour attraper le train;
    ∎ she ran for the police elle a couru chercher la police;
    ∎ run and fetch me a glass of water cours me chercher un verre d'eau;
    ∎ I'll just run across or round or over to the shop je fais un saut à l'épicerie;
    ∎ to run to meet sb courir ou se précipiter à la rencontre de qn;
    ∎ I've been running all over the place looking for you j'ai couru partout à ta recherche;
    ∎ figurative I didn't expect her to go running to the press with the story je ne m'attendais pas à ce qu'elle coure raconter l'histoire à la presse;
    ∎ don't come running to me with your problems ne viens pas m'embêter avec tes problèmes
    (b) (compete in race) courir; (score in cricket, baseball) marquer;
    ∎ to run in a race (horse, person) participer à une course;
    ∎ there are twenty horses running in the race vingt chevaux participent à la course;
    ∎ she ran for her country in the Olympics elle a couru pour son pays aux jeux Olympiques
    (c) (flee) se sauver, fuir;
    ∎ run for your lives! sauve qui peut!;
    ∎ familiar if the night watchman sees you, run for it! si le veilleur de nuit te voit, tire-toi ou file!;
    ∎ figurative you can't just keep running from your past vous ne pouvez pas continuer à fuir votre passé
    (d) (pass → road, railway, boundary) passer;
    ∎ a tunnel runs under the mountain un tunnel passe sous la montagne;
    ∎ the railway line runs through a valley/over a viaduct le chemin de fer passe dans une vallée/sur un viaduc;
    ∎ the pipes run under the road les tuyaux passent sous la route;
    ∎ the road runs alongside the river/parallel to the coast la route longe la rivière/la côte;
    ∎ hedgerows run between the fields des haies séparent les champs;
    ∎ the road runs due north la route va droit vers le nord;
    ∎ to run north and south être orienté nord-sud;
    ∎ a canal running from London to Birmingham un canal qui va de Londres à Birmingham;
    ∎ a high fence runs around the building une grande barrière fait le tour du bâtiment;
    ∎ the lizard has red markings running down its back le dos du lézard est zébré de rouge;
    ∎ the line of print ran off the page la ligne a débordé de la feuille;
    ∎ figurative our lives seem to be running in different directions il semble que nos vies prennent des chemins différents
    (e) (move, go → ball, vehicle) rouler; (slip, slide → rope, cable) filer;
    ∎ the pram ran down the hill out of control le landau a dévalé la côte;
    ∎ the tram runs on special tracks le tramway roule sur des rails spéciaux;
    ∎ the crane runs on rails la grue se déplace sur des rails;
    ∎ the piano runs on casters le piano est monté sur (des) roulettes;
    ∎ the truck ran off the road le camion a quitté la route;
    ∎ let the cord run through your hands laissez la corde filer entre vos mains;
    ∎ his fingers ran over the controls ses doigts se promenèrent sur les boutons de commande;
    ∎ her eyes ran down the list elle parcourut la liste des yeux;
    ∎ a shiver ran down my spine un frisson me parcourut le dos;
    ∎ his thoughts ran to that hot August day in Paris cette chaude journée d'août à Paris lui revint à l'esprit
    (f) (words, text)
    ∎ how does that last verse run? c'est quoi la dernière strophe?;
    ∎ their argument or reasoning runs something like this voici plus ou moins leur raisonnement;
    ∎ the conversation ran something like this voilà en gros ce qui s'est dit
    (g) (spread → rumour, news) se répandre
    (h) (flow → river, water, tap, nose) couler;
    ∎ let the water run until it's hot laisse couler l'eau jusqu'à ce qu'elle soit chaude;
    ∎ the water's run cold l'eau est froide au robinet;
    ∎ you've let the water run cold tu as laissé couler l'eau trop longtemps, elle est devenue froide;
    ∎ your bath is running ton bain est en train de couler;
    ∎ your nose is running tu as le nez qui coule;
    ∎ the cold made our eyes run le froid nous piquait les yeux;
    ∎ the hot water runs along/down this pipe l'eau chaude passe/descend dans ce tuyau;
    ∎ their faces were running with sweat leurs visages ruisselaient de transpiration;
    ∎ tears ran down her face des larmes coulaient sur son visage;
    ∎ the streets were running with blood le sang coulait dans les rues;
    ∎ the river ran red with blood les eaux de la rivière étaient rouges de sang;
    ∎ the Jari runs into the Amazon le Jari se jette dans l'Amazone
    (i) (butter, ice cream, wax) fondre; (cheese) couler; (paint) goutter;
    ∎ her mascara had run son mascara avait coulé
    (j) (in wash → colour, fabric) déteindre;
    ∎ wash that dress separately, the colour might run lave cette robe à part, elle pourrait déteindre
    (k) (operate → engine, machine, business) marcher, fonctionner;
    ∎ to run on or off electricity/gas/diesel fonctionner à l'électricité/au gaz/au diesel;
    ∎ this machine runs off the mains cet appareil se branche sur (le) secteur;
    ∎ the tape recorder was still running le magnétophone était encore en marche;
    ∎ leave the engine running laissez tourner le moteur;
    ∎ the engine is running smoothly le moteur tourne rond;
    ∎ the new assembly line is up and running la nouvelle chaîne de montage est en service;
    ∎ Computing do not interrupt the program while it is running ne pas interrompre le programme en cours d'exécution;
    ∎ Computing this software runs on DOS ce logiciel tourne sous DOS;
    ∎ Computing running at… cadencé à…;
    ∎ figurative everything is running smoothly tout marche très bien
    ∎ this train doesn't run/only runs on Sundays ce train ne circule pas/ne circule que le dimanche;
    ∎ some bus lines run all night certaines lignes d'autobus sont en service toute la nuit;
    ∎ the buses stop running at midnight après minuit il n'y a plus de bus;
    ∎ trains running between London and Manchester trains qui circulent entre Londres et Manchester;
    ∎ trains running to Calais are cancelled les trains à destination de Calais sont annulés;
    ∎ he took the tube that runs through Clapham il prit la ligne de métro qui passe par Clapham
    (m) (last) durer; (be valid → contract) être ou rester valide; (→ agreement) être ou rester en vigueur; Finance (→ interest) courir;
    ∎ the sales run from the beginning to the end of January les soldes durent du début à la fin janvier;
    ∎ the sales have only another two days to run il ne reste que deux jours de soldes;
    ∎ the meeting ran for an hour longer than expected la réunion a duré une heure de plus que prévu;
    ∎ I'd like the ad to run for a week je voudrais que l'annonce passe pendant une semaine;
    ∎ the lease has another year to run le bail n'expire pas avant un an;
    ∎ your subscription will run for two years votre abonnement sera valable deux ans;
    ∎ interest runs from 1 January les intérêts courent à partir du 1er janvier
    (n) Cinema & Theatre (be performed → play, film) être à l'affiche;
    ∎ the play has been running for a year la pièce est à l'affiche depuis un an;
    ∎ the film is currently running in Hull le film est actuellement sur les écrans à Hull;
    ∎ his new musical should run and run! sa nouvelle comédie musicale devrait tenir l'affiche pendant des mois!;
    ∎ Television this soap opera has been running for twenty years ça fait vingt ans que ce feuilleton est diffusé;
    ∎ America's longest-running TV series la plus longue série télévisée américaine
    (o) (occur → inherited trait, illness)
    ∎ twins run in our family les jumeaux sont courants dans la famille;
    ∎ heart disease runs in the family les maladies cardiaques sont fréquentes dans notre famille
    (p) (range) aller;
    ∎ the colours run from dark blue to bright green les couleurs vont du bleu foncé au vert vif
    ∎ to run high (sea) être grosse ou houleuse;
    ∎ feelings or tempers were running high les esprits étaient échauffés;
    ∎ their ammunition was running low ils commençaient à manquer de munitions;
    ∎ our stores are running low nos provisions s'épuisent ou tirent à leur fin;
    ∎ he's running scared il a la frousse;
    ∎ to be running late être en retard, avoir du retard;
    ∎ programmes are running ten minutes late les émissions ont toutes dix minutes de retard;
    ∎ sorry I can't stop, I'm running a bit late désolé, je ne peux pas rester, je suis un peu en retard;
    ∎ events are running in our favour les événements tournent en notre faveur;
    ∎ inflation was running at 18 percent le taux d'inflation était de 18 pour cent
    (r) (be candidate, stand) se présenter;
    ∎ to run for president or the presidency se présenter aux élections présidentielles, être candidat aux élections présidentielles ou à la présidence;
    ∎ to run for office se porter candidat;
    ∎ she's running on a law-and-order ticket elle se présente aux élections avec un programme basé sur la lutte contre l'insécurité;
    ∎ he ran against Reagan in 1984 il s'est présenté contre Reagan en 1984
    (s) (drive) faire un tour ou une promenade;
    ∎ why don't we run down to the coast/up to London? si on faisait un tour jusqu'à la mer/jusqu'à Londres?
    ∎ to run (before the wind) filer vent arrière;
    ∎ to run aground échouer; figurative (project, plan) capoter
    (u) (ladder → stocking, tights) filer
    (v) (salmon) remonter les rivières
    (w) (tide) monter
    British courir (çà et là);
    ∎ I've been running about all day looking for you! j'ai passé ma journée à te chercher partout!
    (meet → acquaintance) rencontrer par hasard, tomber sur; (find → book, reference) trouver par hasard, tomber sur
    traverser en courant
    also figurative courir après;
    ∎ it's not like her to run after a man ce n'est pas son genre de courir après un homme;
    ∎ she spends half her life running after her kids elle passe son temps à être derrière les enfants;
    ∎ he's got all these assistants running after him the whole time il a tout un tas d'assistants qui passent sans arrêt derrière ce qu'il fait
    (go away) s'en aller, partir;
    ∎ it's getting late, I must be running along il se fait tard, il faut que j'y aille;
    ∎ run along to bed now, children! allez les enfants, au lit maintenant!
    (a) (from place to place) courir (çà et là)□ ;
    ∎ I've been running around all day looking for you! j'ai passé ma journée à te chercher partout!□
    (b) (be unfaithful → husband) courir après les femmes; (→ wife) courir après les hommes;
    ∎ he was sure his wife was running around il était sûr que sa femme le trompait□
    familiar (be friendly with) fréquenter□ ; (have affair with) sortir avec□ ;
    ∎ he's always running around with other women il est toujours en train de courir après d'autres femmes
    (a) (flee) se sauver, s'enfuir;
    ∎ their son has run away from home leur fils a fait une fugue;
    ∎ I'll be with you in a minute, don't run away je serai à toi dans un instant, ne te sauve pas;
    ∎ run away and play now, children allez jouer ailleurs, les enfants;
    ∎ figurative to run away from one's responsibilities fuir ses responsabilités;
    ∎ to run away from the facts se refuser à l'évidence
    (b) (elope) partir
    ∎ he ran away with his best friend's wife il est parti avec la femme de son meilleur ami;
    ∎ he ran away with the takings il est parti avec la caisse
    ∎ she tends to let her imagination run away with her elle a tendance à se laisser emporter par son imagination
    (c) (get → idea)
    ∎ don't go running away with the idea or the notion that it will be easy n'allez pas vous imaginer que ce sera facile
    (d) (win → race, match) emporter haut la main; (→ prize) remporter;
    ∎ they ran away with nearly all the medals ils ont remporté presque toutes les médailles
    (a) (drive back) raccompagner (en voiture);
    ∎ she ran me back home elle m'a ramené ou raccompagné chez moi en voiture;
    ∎ he ran me back on his motorbike il m'a raccompagné en moto
    (b) (rewind → tape, film) rembobiner
    (a) (return) retourner ou revenir en courant;
    ∎ familiar to come running back (errant husband etc) revenir□
    ∎ to run back over sth passer qch en revue
    ∎ to run sth by sb (submit) soumettre qch à qn;
    ∎ you'd better run that by the committee vous feriez mieux de demander l'avis du comité;
    ∎ run that by me again répétez-moi ça
    (a) (reduce, diminish → gen) réduire; (→ number of employees) diminuer; (→ stocks) laisser s'épuiser; (→ industry, factory) fermer progressivement;
    ∎ they are running down their military presence in Africa ils réduisent leur présence militaire en Afrique;
    ∎ the government was accused of running down the steel industry le gouvernement a été accusé de laisser dépérir la sidérurgie;
    ∎ you've run the battery down vous avez déchargé la pile; (of car) vous avez vidé ou déchargé la batterie, vous avez mis la batterie à plat
    (b) familiar (criticize, denigrate) rabaisser□ ;
    ∎ they're always running her friends down ils passent leur temps à dire du mal de ou à dénigrer ses amis□ ;
    ∎ stop running yourself down all the time cesse de te rabaisser constamment
    (c) (in car → pedestrian, animal) renverser, écraser;
    ∎ he was run down by a bus il s'est fait renverser par un bus
    (d) (track down → animal, criminal) (traquer et) capturer; (→ person, object) dénicher;
    ∎ I finally ran down the reference in the library j'ai fini par dénicher la référence à la bibliothèque
    (a) (person) descendre en courant
    (b) (clock, machine) s'arrêter; (battery → through use) s'user; (→ through a fault) se décharger;
    ∎ the batteries in the radio are beginning to run down les piles de la radio commencent à être usées
    ➲ run in
    (a) British (car, engine) roder
    (a) (person) entrer en courant
    (b) British (car, engine)
    ∎ running in en rodage
    (a) (encounter → problem, difficulty) rencontrer
    (b) (meet → acquaintance) rencontrer (par hasard), tomber sur;
    ∎ to run into debt faire des dettes, s'endetter
    (c) (collide with → of car, driver) percuter, rentrer dans;
    ∎ I ran into a lamppost je suis rentrée dans un réverbère;
    ∎ you should be more careful, you nearly ran into me! tu devrais faire attention, tu as failli me rentrer dedans!
    (d) (amount to) s'élever à;
    ∎ debts running into millions of dollars des dettes qui s'élèvent à des millions de dollars;
    ∎ takings run into five figures la recette atteint les cinq chiffres
    (e) (merge into) se fondre dans, se confondre avec;
    ∎ the red runs into orange le rouge devient orange;
    ∎ the words began to run into each other before my eyes les mots commençaient à se confondre devant mes yeux
    ➲ run off
    (a) (print) tirer, imprimer; (photocopy) photocopier;
    ∎ run me off five copies of this report faites-moi cinq copies de ce rapport
    (c) Sport (race) disputer;
    ∎ the heats will be run off tomorrow les éliminatoires se disputeront demain
    (d) (lose → excess weight, fat) perdre en courant
    (e) (liquid) laisser s'écouler
    (a) (flee) se sauver, s'enfuir;
    ∎ I'll be with you in a minute, don't run off je serai à toi dans un instant, ne te sauve pas
    (b) (liquid) s'écouler
    ➲ run on
    (lines of writing) ne pas découper en paragraphes; (letters, words) ne pas séparer, lier
    (a) (continue) continuer, durer; (drag on) s'éterniser;
    ∎ the play ran on for hours la pièce a duré des heures;
    ∎ the discussion ran on for an extra hour la discussion a duré une heure de plus que prévu
    (b) familiar (talk non-stop) parler sans cesse□ ;
    ∎ he does run on rather quand il est parti celui-là, il ne s'arrête plus;
    ∎ he can run on for hours if you let him si tu le laisses faire il peut tenir le crachoir pendant des heures
    (c) (line of text) suivre sans alinéa; (verse) enjamber
    ➲ run out
    (a) (cable, rope) laisser filer
    ∎ to run a batsman out mettre un batteur hors jeu
    (a) (person, animal) sortir en courant; (liquid) s'écouler
    (b) (be used up → supplies, money etc) s'épuiser, (venir à) manquer; (→ time) filer;
    ∎ hurry up, time is running out! dépêchez-vous, il ne reste plus beaucoup de temps!;
    ∎ their luck finally ran out la chance a fini par tourner, leur chance n'a pas duré
    (c) (expire → contract, passport, agreement) expirer, venir à expiration
    manquer de;
    ∎ we're running out of ammunition nous commençons à manquer de munitions;
    ∎ we're running out of sugar nous allons nous trouver à court de sucre;
    ∎ he's run out of money il n'a plus d'argent;
    ∎ to run out of patience être à bout de patience;
    ∎ to run out of petrol tomber en panne d'essence
    (spouse, colleague) laisser tomber, abandonner;
    ∎ she ran out on her husband elle a quitté son mari;
    ∎ his assistants all ran out on him ses assistants l'ont tous abandonné ou laissé tomber
    (pedestrian, animal) écraser;
    ∎ I nearly got run over j'ai failli me faire écraser;
    ∎ he's been run over il s'est fait écraser;
    ∎ the car ran over his legs la voiture lui est passé sur les jambes
    (a) (review) revoir; (rehearse) répéter; (recap) récapituler;
    ∎ let's run over the arguments one more time before the meeting reprenons les arguments une dernière fois avant la réunion;
    ∎ could you run over the main points for us? pourriez-vous nous récapituler les principaux points?
    ∎ to run over the allotted time excéder le temps imparti
    (a) (overflow) déborder;
    ∎ literary my cup runneth over je nage dans le bonheur;
    ∎ to run over with energy/enthusiasm déborder d'énergie/d'enthousiasme
    (b) (run late) dépasser l'heure; Radio & Television dépasser le temps d'antenne, déborder sur le temps d'antenne;
    ∎ the programme ran over by twenty minutes l'émission a dépassé son temps d'antenne de vingt minutes
    passer en courant
    (a) (cross → of person) traverser en courant;
    ∎ figurative money runs through his fingers like water l'argent lui brûle les doigts
    (b) (pervade → of thought, feeling)
    ∎ a strange idea ran through my mind une idée étrange m'a traversé l'esprit;
    ∎ a thrill of excitement ran through her un frisson d'émotion la parcourut;
    ∎ an angry murmur ran through the crowd des murmures de colère parcoururent la foule;
    ∎ his words kept running through my head ses paroles ne cessaient de retentir dans ma tête;
    ∎ an air of melancholy runs through the whole film une atmosphère de mélancolie imprègne tout le film
    (c) (review) revoir; (rehearse) répéter; (recap) récapituler;
    ∎ she ran through the arguments in her mind elle repassa les arguments dans sa tête;
    ∎ let's just run through the procedure one more time reprenons une dernière fois la marche à suivre;
    ∎ I'll run through your speech with you je vous ferai répéter votre discours
    (d) (read quickly) parcourir (des yeux), jeter un coup d'œil sur
    (e) (use up → money) dépenser; (→ case of wine, coffee) consommer; (squander → fortune) gaspiller;
    ∎ he runs through a dozen shirts a week il lui faut une douzaine de chemises par semaine
    ∎ to run sb through (with a sword) transpercer qn (d'un coup d'épée)
    (a) (amount to) se chiffrer à;
    ∎ her essay ran to twenty pages sa dissertation faisait vingt pages
    (b) British (afford, be enough for)
    ∎ your salary should run to a new computer ton salaire devrait te permettre d'acheter un nouvel ordinateur;
    ∎ the budget won't run to champagne le budget ne nous permet pas d'acheter du champagne
    ➲ run up
    (a) (debt, bill) laisser s'accumuler;
    ∎ I've run up a huge overdraft j'ai un découvert énorme
    (b) (flag) hisser
    (c) (sew quickly) coudre rapidement ou à la hâte
    (climb rapidly) monter en courant; (approach) approcher en courant;
    ∎ a young man ran up to me un jeune homme s'approcha de moi en courant
    (encounter) se heurter à;
    ∎ we've run up against some problems nous nous sommes heurtés à quelques problèmes

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > run

  • 10 sense

    A n
    1 ( faculty) sens m ; sense of hearing ouïe f ; sense of sight vue f ; sense of smell odorat m ; sense of taste goût m ; sense of touch toucher m ; to dull/sharpen the senses émousser/aiguiser les sens ;
    2 fig ( ability to appreciate) a sense of le sens de ; a sense of direction/of rhythm le sens de l'orientation/du rythme ; a writer with a sense of history/the absurd un écrivain doué du sens de l'histoire/l'absurde ; to have no sense of style/decency n'avoir aucun style/aucune notion de la décence ; to lose all sense of time perdre toute notion du temps ;
    3 ( feeling) a sense of un sentiment de [guilt, security, failure, identity] ; his sense of having failed/being excluded son sentiment d' avoir échoué/d'être exclu ; he had the sense that something was wrong/that he had forgotten something il avait le sentiment que quelque chose n'allait pas/d'avoir oublié quelque chose ; a sense of purpose le sentiment d'avoir un but ; the town has a great sense of community la ville a un grand sens de la communauté ;
    4 ( practical quality) bon sens m ; to have the (good) sense to do avoir le bon sens de faire ; to have more sense than to do avoir suffisamment de bon sens pour ne pas faire ;
    5 ( reason) there's no sense in doing cela ne sert à rien de faire ; what's the sense in getting angry/leaving now? à quoi sert de se fâcher/partir maintenant? ; to make sense of sth comprendre qch ; I can't make sense of this article/this sentence je ne comprends rien à cet article/cette phrase ; it makes sense to do c'est une bonne idée de faire ; it makes good business sense to employ an accountant ce serait profitable d'employer un comptable ; to make sense [sentence, film, theory] avoir un sens ; not to make any sense [sentence, film, theory] n'avoir aucun sens ; what he said didn't make much sense to me ce qu'il a dit ne m'a pas semblé très logique ;
    6 ( meaning) gen, Ling sens m ; in the literal/strict sense (of the word) au sens littéral/strict (du mot) ; in all senses ou in every sense of the word dans tous les sens du mot ; in the sense that en ce sens que ; he is in a ou one ou some sense right to complain, but… dans un certain sens il a raison de se plaindre, mais… ; they are in no sense democratic ils ne sont en aucune manière démocratiques ;
    7 sout ( opinion) opinion f (générale).
    B senses npl ( sanity) raison f ; to bring sb to his senses ramener qn à la raison ; to come to one's senses revenir à la raison ; to take leave of one's senses perdre la raison or l'esprit.
    C vtr
    1 ( be aware of) deviner (that que) ; he sensed her uneasiness/her anger/her sorrow il devinait son malaise/sa colère/son chagrin ; to sense where/how etc deviner où/comment etc ; to sense danger/hostility sentir un danger/de l'hostilité ; to sense sb ou sb's presence sentir la présence de qn ;
    2 ( detect) [machine] détecter [heat, light] ;
    3 Comput ( detect) détecter [location] ; ( read) lire [data].
    to knock ou hammer ou pound US some sense into sb ramener qn à la raison ; to see sense entendre raison ; to talk sense dire des choses sensées.

    Big English-French dictionary > sense

  • 11 Smith, Sir Francis Pettit

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 9 February 1808 Copperhurst Farm, near Hythe, Kent, England
    d. 12 February 1874 South Kensington, London, England
    [br]
    English inventor of the screw propeller.
    [br]
    Smith was the only son of Charles Smith, Postmaster at Hythe, and his wife Sarah (née Pettit). After education at a private school in Ashford, Kent, he took to farming, first on Romney Marsh, then at Hendon, Middlesex. As a boy, he showed much skill in the construction of model boats, especially in devising their means of propulsion. He maintained this interest into adult life and in 1835 he made a model propelled by a screw driven by a spring. This worked so well that he became convinced that the screw propeller offered a better method of propulsion than the paddle wheels that were then in general use. This notion so fired his enthusiasm that he virtually gave up farming to devote himself to perfecting his invention. The following year he produced a better model, which he successfully demonstrated to friends on his farm at Hendon and afterwards to the public at the Adelaide Gallery in London. On 31 May 1836 Smith was granted a patent for the propulsion of vessels by means of a screw.
    The idea of screw propulsion was not new, however, for it had been mooted as early as the seventeenth century and since then several proposals had been advanced, but without successful practical application. Indeed, simultaneously but quite independently of Smith, the Swedish engineer John Ericsson had invented the ship's propeller and obtained a patent on 13 July 1836, just weeks after Smith. But Smith was completely unaware of this and pursued his own device in the belief that he was the sole inventor.
    With some financial and technical backing, Smith was able to construct a 10 ton boat driven by a screw and powered by a steam engine of about 6 hp (4.5 kW). After showing it off to the public, Smith tried it out at sea, from Ramsgate round to Dover and Hythe, returning in stormy weather. The screw performed well in both calm and rough water. The engineering world seemed opposed to the new method of propulsion, but the Admiralty gave cautious encouragement in 1839 by ordering that the 237 ton Archimedes be equipped with a screw. It showed itself superior to the Vulcan, one of the fastest paddle-driven ships in the Navy. The ship was put through its paces in several ports, including Bristol, where Isambard Kingdom Brunel was constructing his Great Britain, the first large iron ocean-going vessel. Brunel was so impressed that he adapted his ship for screw propulsion.
    Meanwhile, in spite of favourable reports, the Admiralty were dragging their feet and ordered further trials, fitting Smith's four-bladed propeller to the Rattler, then under construction and completed in 1844. The trials were a complete success and propelled their lordships of the Admiralty to a decision to equip twenty ships with screw propulsion, under Smith's supervision.
    At last the superiority of screw propulsion was generally accepted and virtually universally adopted. Yet Smith gained little financial reward for his invention and in 1850 he retired to Guernsey to resume his farming life. In 1860 financial pressures compelled him to accept the position of Curator of Patent Models at the Patent Museum in South Kensington, London, a post he held until his death. Belated recognition by the Government, then headed by Lord Palmerston, came in 1855 with the grant of an annual pension of £200. Two years later Smith received unofficial recognition when he was presented with a national testimonial, consisting of a service of plate and nearly £3,000 in cash subscribed largely by the shipbuilding and engineering community. Finally, in 1871 Smith was honoured with a knighthood.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1871.
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1874, Illustrated London News (7 February).
    1856, On the Invention and Progress of the Screw Propeller, London (provides biographical details).
    Smith and his invention are referred to in papers in Transactions of the Newcomen Society, 14 (1934): 9; 19 (1939): 145–8, 155–7, 161–4, 237–9.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Smith, Sir Francis Pettit

  • 12 run

    run
    A n
    1 ( act or period of running) course f ; a two-mile run une course de deux miles ; that was a splendid run by Reeves Reeves a fait une course magnifique ; to go for a run aller courir ; to take the dog for a run in the park aller faire courir le chien au parc ; to break into a run se mettre à courir ; to do sth at a run faire qch en courant ; to take a run at prendre son élan pour franchir [fence, hedge, stream] ; to give sb a clear run fig laisser le champ libre à qn (at doing pour faire) ;
    2 ( flight) on the run [prisoner] en fuite, en cavale ○ ; to be on the run from sb/sth fuir qn/qch ; to have sb on the run lit mettre qn en fuite ; fig réussir à effrayer qn ; to make a run for it fuir, s'enfuir ; to make a run for the door se précipiter vers la porte ;
    3 ( series) (of successes, failures, reds, blacks) série f (of de) ; to have a run of (good) luck être en veine ; to have a run of bad luck jouer de malchance ; a run of fine weather une période de beau temps ; we've had a long run without any illness nous avons eu une longue période sans maladie ; the product has had a good run but… le produit a bien marché mais… ;
    4 Theat série f de représentations ; to have a long run tenir longtemps l'affiche ; to have a six-month run tenir l'affiche pendant six mois ; the play is beginning its Broadway run la pièce commence à se jouer à Broadway ;
    5 ( trend) (of events, market) tendance f ; the run of the cards/dice was against me le jeu était contre moi ; against the run of play Sport en sens inverse du cours réel du jeu ; in the normal run of things dans l'ordre normal des choses ; out of the common run hors du commun ;
    6 ( series of thing produced) ( in printing) tirage m ; ( in industry) série f ; a paperback run of 10,000 un tirage de 10 000 exemplaires en poche ;
    7 Fin ( on Stock Exchange) ( rush) ruée f ; a run on une ruée sur [stock market, bank, item] ; a run on sterling/the dollar une ruée spéculative sur la livre sterling/le dollar ;
    8 (trip, route) route f, trajet m ; it's only a short run into town ( in car) avec la voiture on est tout de suite en ville ; to go out for a run in the car aller faire un tour en voiture ; the run up to York la route jusqu'à York ; he does the Leeds run twice a week il fait le trajet jusqu'à Leeds deux fois par semaine ; a ferry on the Portsmouth-Caen run le ferry faisant la traversée Portsmouth-Caen ; a bombing run une mission de bombardement ;
    9 (in cricket, baseball) point m ; to score ou make a run marquer un point ;
    10 (for rabbit, chickens) enclos m ;
    11 (in tights, material) échelle f ;
    12 ( for skiing etc) piste f ;
    13 ( in cards) suite f ; a run of three une suite de trois cartes ; ⇒ practice run, test run, trial run.
    B runs ○ npl the runs la courante ○, la diarrhée.
    C vtr ( prét ran ; pp run)
    1 ( cover by running) courir [race, heat, stage, distance, marathon] ; I ran the rest of the way j'ai couru le reste du chemin ; she ran a brilliant race/a very fast time elle a fait une course superbe/un très bon temps ; the race will be run at 10.30 la course se court à 10 h 30 ;
    2 ( drive) to run sb to the station/to hospital conduire qn à la gare/à l'hôpital ; to run sb home ou back reconduire qn ; to run the car over to the garage conduire la voiture au garage ; to run sth over to sb's house apporter qch chez qn en voiture ; to run the car into a tree jeter la voiture contre un arbre ;
    3 (pass, move) to run one's hand over sth passer la main sur qch ; to run one's finger down the list parcourir la liste du doigt ; to run one's eye(s) over sth parcourir rapidement qch ; to run a duster/the vacuum cleaner over sth passer un coup de chiffon/d'aspirateur sur qch ; to run one's pen through sth rayer qch ;
    4 ( manage) diriger [business, hotel, store, school, country] ; a well-/badly-run organization une organisation bien/mal dirigée ; who is running things here? qui est-ce qui commande ici? ; I'm running this show ○ ! c'est moi qui commande ○ ! ; stop trying to run my life! arrête de vouloir diriger ma vie! ;
    5 ( operate) faire fonctionner [machine] ; faire tourner [motor, engine] ; exécuter [program] ; entretenir [car] ; to run sth off the mains/off batteries faire fonctionner qch sur secteur/avec des piles ; the car is cheap to run la voiture est peu coûteuse à entretenir ; to run a tape/a film mettre une cassette/un film ; to run tests on sth effectuer des tests sur qch ; to run a check on sb [police] vérifier les antécédents de qn ; ( generally) prendre des renseignements sur qn ;
    6 (organize, offer) organiser [competition, lessons, course] ; mettre [qch] en place [train, bus, service] ;
    7 (extend, pass) (of cable, wire, pipe) to run sth between/from/to/around faire passer qch entre/de/à/autour de ; to run a rope through a ring faire passer une corde dans un anneau ;
    8 ( cause to flow) faire couler [water, bath] ; ouvrir [tap] ; I'll run you a bath je vais te faire couler un bain ; to run water into/over sth faire couler de l'eau dans/sur qch ;
    9 Journ [newspaper] publier, faire passer ○ [story, article] ;
    10 ( pass through) franchir [rapids] ; forcer [blockade] ; brûler [red light] ;
    11 ( smuggle) faire passer [qch] en fraude [guns, drugs] ;
    12 ( enter in contest) faire courir [horse] ; présenter [candidate].
    D vi ( prét ran ; pp run)
    1 ( move quickly) [person, animal] courir ; to run to catch the bus/to help sb courir pour attraper le bus/pour aider qn ; to run to meet sb courir à la rencontre de qn ; to run across/down/up sth traverser/descendre/monter qch en courant ; to run around the house/around (in) the garden courir dans toute la maison/dans le jardin ; will you run over to the shop and get some milk? peux-tu courir au magasin chercher du lait? ; to run for the train courir pour attraper le train ; to run for the exit courir vers la sortie ; to run for one's country Sport courir pour son pays ; to run in the 100 metres/in the 3.30 (race) courir le 100 mètres/dans la course de 15 h 30 ; she came running towards me elle a couru vers moi ; the customers will come running fig les clients vont se précipiter ;
    2 ( flee) fuir, s'enfuir ; I dropped everything and ran j'ai tout jeté et je me suis enfui ; to run for one's life s'enfuir pour sauver sa peau ○ ; run for your life!, run for it ○ ! sauve qui peut!, déguerpissons ○ ! ; I had to run for it ○ j'ai dû déguerpir ○ ; there's nowhere to run (to) il n'y a nulle part où aller ; to go running to the police courir à la police ; to go running to one's parents se réfugier chez ses parents ;
    3 ○ ( rush off) filer ○ ; sorry-must run! ○ désolé-il faut que je file! ○ ;
    4 ( function) [machine, generator] marcher ; [engine, press] tourner ; to leave the engine running laisser tourner le moteur ; to run off fonctionner sur [mains, battery] ; to run on marcher à [diesel, unleaded] ; to run fast/slow [clock] prendre de l'avance/du retard ; the organization runs very smoothly l'organisation fonctionne parfaitement ;
    5 (continue, last) [contract, lease] courir ; to have another month to run avoir encore un mois à courir ; to run from… to… [school year, season] aller de… à… ;
    6 Theat [play, musical] tenir l'affiche ; this show will run and run! ce spectacle tiendra l'affiche pendant des mois! ; to run for six months tenir l'affiche pendant six mois ; the film will run (for) another week le film reste à l'affiche une semaine encore ;
    7 ( pass) to run past/through sth [frontier, path, line] passer/traverser qch ; to run (from) east to west aller d'est en ouest, être orienté est-ouest ; the road runs north for about ten kilometres la route va vers le nord sur une dizaine de kilomètres ; to run parallel to sth être parallèle à qch ; the stripes run vertically les rayures sont verticales ; the bird has a green stripe running down its back l'oiseau a une bande verte le long du dos ; a scar runs down her arm une cicatrice court le long de son bras ;
    8 ( move) [sledge, vehicle] glisser (on sur ; forward vers l'avant ; back vers l'arrière) ; [curtain] coulisser (on sur) ; to run through sb's hands [rope] filer entre les mains de qn ; a pain ran up my leg une douleur m'est remontée le long de la jambe ; a wave of excitement ran through the crowd un frisson d'excitation a parcouru la foule ; his eyes ran over the page il a parcouru la page des yeux ; the news ran from house to house la nouvelle s'est transmise de maison en maison ;
    9 ( operate regularly) [buses, trains] circuler ; they don't run on Sundays ils ne circulent pas le dimanche ; a taxi service/ferry runs between X and Y il existe un service de taxi/un ferry entre X et Y ; the train is running late le train est en retard ; programmes are running late this evening ( on TV) les émissions ont du retard ce soir ; we are running 30 minutes behind schedule ou late nous avons 30 minutes de retard ; we're running ahead of schedule nous sommes en avance ;
    10 ( flow) [water, liquid, stream, tap, bath, nose] couler ; the tap is running le robinet coule or est ouvert ; my nose is running j'ai le nez qui coule ; tears ran down his face les larmes coulaient sur son visage ; there was water running down the walls il y avait de l'eau qui coulait le long des murs ; my body was running with sweat mon corps ruisselait de sueur ; the streets will be running with blood fig le sang coulera à flots dans les rues ; the river ran red with blood la rivière est devenue rouge de sang ; the meat juices ran pink/clear le jus qui est sorti de la viande était rose/incolore ;
    11 ( flow when wet or melted) [colour, dye, garment] déteindre ; [ink, makeup, butter, cheese] couler ;
    12 Pol ( as candidate) se présenter ; to run for être candidat/-e au poste de [mayor, governor] ; to run for president être candidat/-e à la présidence ; to run against se présenter or être candidat/-e contre [person] ;
    13 ( be worded) [message, speech] se présenter, être libellé sout ; the telex runs… le télex se présente or est libellé comme suit… ; so the argument runs selon l'argument habituellement avancé ;
    14 ( snag) [tights, material] filer.
    to have the run of sth avoir qch pour soi ; to give sb the run of sth mettre qch à la disposition de qn ; in the long run à la longue, à longue échéance ; in the short run à brève échéance.
    ■ run about, run around:
    1 (hurrying, playing etc) courir ; I've been running around all over the place looking for you j'ai couru partout pour essayer de te trouver ;
    2 ○ ( have affair with) courir ○ ; to run around ○ with voir ○, sortir avec [woman, man].
    ■ run across ○:
    ▶ run across [sth/sb] tomber sur ○ [acquaintance, reference].
    ■ run after:
    ▶ run after [sb] lit, fig courir après [thief, woman, man].
    ■ run along se sauver ○, filer ○ ; run along! sauve-toi ○ !
    ■ run at:
    ▶ run at [sth]
    1 ( charge towards) se précipiter sur [door, person] ;
    2 ( be at) [inflation, unemployment] atteindre, être de l'ordre de [percentage, rate, figure] ; with inflation running at 12% avec une inflation de l'ordre de 12%.
    ■ run away:
    1 ( flee) s'enfuir (from sb devant qn ; to do pour faire) ; to run away from home s'enfuir de chez soi ; to run away from one's responsibilities/a situation fuir ses responsabilités/une situation ;
    2 ( run off) [water, liquid] couler ;
    ▶ run away with [sth/sb]
    1 ( flee) partir avec [profits, object, person] ;
    2 ( carry off easily) rafler ○ [prizes, title] ;
    3 GB dial ( use up) [activity] engloutir [money] ;
    4 ( get into one's head) to run away with the idea ou notion that s'imaginer que ; I don't want him running away with that idea je ne veux pas qu'il s'imagine ça ; to let one's emotions/one's enthusiasm run away with one se laisser emporter par ses émotions/son enthousiasme.
    ■ run back:
    ▶ run back [sth], run [sth] back rembobiner [tape, film].
    ▶ run back over [sth] revenir sur [points, plans].
    ■ run down:
    ▶ run down [battery] se décharger ; [watch] retarder ; [exports, reserves] diminuer ; [machine, industry, company] s'essouffler ;
    ▶ run down [sth/sb], run [sth/sb] down
    1 ( in vehicle) renverser ; to be ou get run down by sth être renversé par qch ;
    2 (reduce, allow to decline) réduire [production, operations, defences, industry, reserves] ; user [battery] ;
    3 ( disparage) dénigrer [person, economy] ;
    4 Naut éperonner, heurter [boat] ;
    5 ( track down) retrouver [person] ; dénicher ○ [thing].
    ■ run in:
    ▶ run in [sth], run [sth] in roder [car, machine] ; ‘running in-please pass’ ‘en rodage’ ;
    ▶ run [sb] in ○ ( arrest) épingler ○ [person].
    ■ run into:
    ▶ run into [sth/sb]
    1 ( collide with) [car, person] heurter, rentrer dans ○ [car, wall] ;
    2 ( encounter) rencontrer [person, difficulty, opposition, bad weather] ; to run into debt s'endetter ;
    3 ( amount to) [debt, income, sales] se compter en [hundreds, millions] ; the trial could run into months le procès pourrait durer des mois.
    ■ run off:
    ▶ run off
    1 [person, animal] partir en courant ; to run off with partir avec [person, savings] ;
    2 [liquid, water] couler ;
    ▶ run off [sth], run [sth] off
    1 ( print) sortir [copy] (on sur) ;
    2 ( contest) disputer [heats].
    ■ run on:
    ▶ run on [meeting, seminar] se prolonger ;
    ▶ run on [sth] ( be concerned with) [mind] être préoccupé par ; [thoughts] revenir sur ; [conversation] porter sur ;
    ▶ run on [sth], run [sth] on
    1 Print faire suivre [qch] sans alinéa ;
    2 Literat faire enjamber [line].
    ■ run out:
    ▶ run out
    1 ( become exhausted) [supplies, resources, oil] s'épuiser ; time is running out le temps manque ; my money ran out mes ressources s'étaient épuisées ; my patience is running out je suis en train de perdre patience ;
    2 ( have no more) [pen, vending machine] être vide ; sorry, I've run out désolé, je n'en ai plus ; quick, before we run out vite, avant que nous n'ayons plus rien ;
    3 ( expire) [lease, passport] expirer ;
    ▶ run out of ne plus avoir de [petrol, time, money, ideas] ; the car ran out of petrol la voiture est tombée en panne d'essence ; to be running out of n'avoir presque plus de [petrol, time, money, ideas].
    ▶ run out on [sb] abandonner, laisser tomber ○ [family, lover, ally].
    ■ run over:
    1 [meeting, programme] se prolonger, dépasser l'horaire prévu ; to run over by 10 minutes/by an hour dépasser l'horaire prévu de 10 minutes/d'une heure ;
    2 ( overflow) [container] déborder ; my cup runneth over Bible la coupe est pleine ;
    ▶ run over [sth] ( run through) passer [qch] en revue [arrangements, main points] ;
    ▶ run over [sth/sb], run [sth/sb] over
    1 ( injure) renverser [person, animal] ; ( kill) écraser [person, animal] ; you'll get run over tu vas te faire écraser ;
    2 ( drive over) passer sur [log, bump, corpse].
    ▶ run through [sth]
    1 ( pass through) [thought, tune, murmur] courir dans ;
    2 ( be present in) [theme, concern, prejudice] se retrouver dans [work, society] ;
    3 ( look through) parcourir [list, article, notes] ; ( discuss briefly) passer [qch] en revue [main points, schedule] ;
    4 (use, get through) dépenser [money, inheritance] ;
    ▶ run through [sth], run [sth] through ( rehearse) répéter [scene, speech] ;
    ▶ run [sb] through littér ( with sword) transpercer [person] (with avec, de) ; to run sth through the computer passer qch dans l'ordinateur ; to run sth through a series of tests faire passer une série de tests à qch.
    ■ run to:
    ▶ run to [sth] ( extend as far as) [book, report] faire [number of pages, words] ; her tastes don't run to modern jazz ses goûts ne vont pas jusqu'au jazz moderne ; his salary doesn't run to Caribbean cruises son salaire ne lui permet pas une croisière aux Caraïbes ; I don't think I can run to that je ne crois pas pouvoir me permettre cela.
    ■ run up:
    ▶ run up [sth], run [sth] up
    1 ( accumulate) accumuler [bill, debt] ;
    2 ( make) fabriquer [dress, curtains] ;
    3 ( raise) hisser [flag].
    ▶ run up against [sth] se heurter à [obstacle, difficulty].

    Big English-French dictionary > run

  • 13 World War II

    (1939-1945)
       In the European phase of the war, neutral Portugal contributed more to the Allied victory than historians have acknowledged. Portugal experienced severe pressures to compromise her neutrality from both the Axis and Allied powers and, on several occasions, there were efforts to force Portugal to enter the war as a belligerent. Several factors lent Portugal importance as a neutral. This was especially the case during the period from the fall of France in June 1940 to the Allied invasion and reconquest of France from June to August 1944.
       In four respects, Portugal became briefly a modest strategic asset for the Allies and a war materiel supplier for both sides: the country's location in the southwesternmost corner of the largely German-occupied European continent; being a transport and communication terminus, observation post for spies, and crossroads between Europe, the Atlantic, the Americas, and Africa; Portugal's strategically located Atlantic islands, the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde archipelagos; and having important mines of wolfram or tungsten ore, crucial for the war industry for hardening steel.
       To maintain strict neutrality, the Estado Novo regime dominated by Antônio de Oliveira Salazar performed a delicate balancing act. Lisbon attempted to please and cater to the interests of both sets of belligerents, but only to the extent that the concessions granted would not threaten Portugal's security or its status as a neutral. On at least two occasions, Portugal's neutrality status was threatened. First, Germany briefly considered invading Portugal and Spain during 1940-41. A second occasion came in 1943 and 1944 as Great Britain, backed by the United States, pressured Portugal to grant war-related concessions that threatened Portugal's status of strict neutrality and would possibly bring Portugal into the war on the Allied side. Nazi Germany's plan ("Operation Felix") to invade the Iberian Peninsula from late 1940 into 1941 was never executed, but the Allies occupied and used several air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands.
       The second major crisis for Portugal's neutrality came with increasing Allied pressures for concessions from the summer of 1943 to the summer of 1944. Led by Britain, Portugal's oldest ally, Portugal was pressured to grant access to air and naval bases in the Azores Islands. Such bases were necessary to assist the Allies in winning the Battle of the Atlantic, the naval war in which German U-boats continued to destroy Allied shipping. In October 1943, following tedious negotiations, British forces began to operate such bases and, in November 1944, American forces were allowed to enter the islands. Germany protested and made threats, but there was no German attack.
       Tensions rose again in the spring of 1944, when the Allies demanded that Lisbon cease exporting wolfram to Germany. Salazar grew agitated, considered resigning, and argued that Portugal had made a solemn promise to Germany that wolfram exports would be continued and that Portugal could not break its pledge. The Portuguese ambassador in London concluded that the shipping of wolfram to Germany was "the price of neutrality." Fearing that a still-dangerous Germany could still attack Portugal, Salazar ordered the banning of the mining, sale, and exports of wolfram not only to Germany but to the Allies as of 6 June 1944.
       Portugal did not enter the war as a belligerent, and its forces did not engage in combat, but some Portuguese experienced directly or indirectly the impact of fighting. Off Portugal or near her Atlantic islands, Portuguese naval personnel or commercial fishermen rescued at sea hundreds of victims of U-boat sinkings of Allied shipping in the Atlantic. German U-boats sank four or five Portuguese merchant vessels as well and, in 1944, a U-boat stopped, boarded, searched, and forced the evacuation of a Portuguese ocean liner, the Serpa Pinto, in mid-Atlantic. Filled with refugees, the liner was not sunk but several passengers lost their lives and the U-boat kidnapped two of the ship's passengers, Portuguese Americans of military age, and interned them in a prison camp. As for involvement in a theater of war, hundreds of inhabitants were killed and wounded in remote East Timor, a Portuguese colony near Indonesia, which was invaded, annexed, and ruled by Japanese forces between February 1942 and August 1945. In other incidents, scores of Allied military planes, out of fuel or damaged in air combat, crashed or were forced to land in neutral Portugal. Air personnel who did not survive such crashes were buried in Portuguese cemeteries or in the English Cemetery, Lisbon.
       Portugal's peripheral involvement in largely nonbelligerent aspects of the war accelerated social, economic, and political change in Portugal's urban society. It strengthened political opposition to the dictatorship among intellectual and working classes, and it obliged the regime to bolster political repression. The general economic and financial status of Portugal, too, underwent improvements since creditor Britain, in order to purchase wolfram, foods, and other materials needed during the war, became indebted to Portugal. When Britain repaid this debt after the war, Portugal was able to restore and expand its merchant fleet. Unlike most of Europe, ravaged by the worst war in human history, Portugal did not suffer heavy losses of human life, infrastructure, and property. Unlike even her neighbor Spain, badly shaken by its terrible Civil War (1936-39), Portugal's immediate postwar condition was more favorable, especially in urban areas, although deep-seated poverty remained.
       Portugal experienced other effects, especially during 1939-42, as there was an influx of about a million war refugees, an infestation of foreign spies and other secret agents from 60 secret intelligence services, and the residence of scores of international journalists who came to report the war from Lisbon. There was also the growth of war-related mining (especially wolfram and tin). Portugal's media eagerly reported the war and, by and large, despite government censorship, the Portuguese print media favored the Allied cause. Portugal's standard of living underwent some improvement, although price increases were unpopular.
       The silent invasion of several thousand foreign spies, in addition to the hiring of many Portuguese as informants and spies, had fascinating outcomes. "Spyland" Portugal, especially when Portugal was a key point for communicating with occupied Europe (1940-44), witnessed some unusual events, and spying for foreigners at least briefly became a national industry. Until mid-1944, when Allied forces invaded France, Portugal was the only secure entry point from across the Atlantic to Europe or to the British Isles, as well as the escape hatch for refugees, spies, defectors, and others fleeing occupied Europe or Vichy-controlled Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. Through Portugal by car, ship, train, or scheduled civil airliner one could travel to and from Spain or to Britain, or one could leave through Portugal, the westernmost continental country of Europe, to seek refuge across the Atlantic in the Americas.
       The wartime Portuguese scene was a colorful melange of illegal activities, including espionage, the black market, war propaganda, gambling, speculation, currency counterfeiting, diamond and wolfram smuggling, prostitution, and the drug and arms trade, and they were conducted by an unusual cast of characters. These included refugees, some of whom were spies, smugglers, diplomats, and business people, many from foreign countries seeking things they could find only in Portugal: information, affordable food, shelter, and security. German agents who contacted Allied sailors in the port of Lisbon sought to corrupt and neutralize these men and, if possible, recruit them as spies, and British intelligence countered this effort. Britain's MI-6 established a new kind of "safe house" to protect such Allied crews from German espionage and venereal disease infection, an approved and controlled house of prostitution in Lisbon's bairro alto district.
       Foreign observers and writers were impressed with the exotic, spy-ridden scene in Lisbon, as well as in Estoril on the Sun Coast (Costa do Sol), west of Lisbon harbor. What they observed appeared in noted autobiographical works and novels, some written during and some after the war. Among notable writers and journalists who visited or resided in wartime Portugal were Hungarian writer and former communist Arthur Koestler, on the run from the Nazi's Gestapo; American radio broadcaster-journalist Eric Sevareid; novelist and Hollywood script-writer Frederick Prokosch; American diplomat George Kennan; Rumanian cultural attache and later scholar of mythology Mircea Eliade; and British naval intelligence officer and novelist-to-be Ian Fleming. Other notable visiting British intelligence officers included novelist Graham Greene; secret Soviet agent in MI-6 and future defector to the Soviet Union Harold "Kim" Philby; and writer Malcolm Muggeridge. French letters were represented by French writer and airman, Antoine Saint-Exupery and French playwright, Jean Giroudoux. Finally, Aquilino Ribeiro, one of Portugal's premier contemporary novelists, wrote about wartime Portugal, including one sensational novel, Volframio, which portrayed the profound impact of the exploitation of the mineral wolfram on Portugal's poor, still backward society.
       In Estoril, Portugal, the idea for the world's most celebrated fictitious spy, James Bond, was probably first conceived by Ian Fleming. Fleming visited Portugal several times after 1939 on Naval Intelligence missions, and later he dreamed up the James Bond character and stories. Background for the early novels in the James Bond series was based in part on people and places Fleming observed in Portugal. A key location in Fleming's first James Bond novel, Casino Royale (1953) is the gambling Casino of Estoril. In addition, one aspect of the main plot, the notion that a spy could invent "secret" intelligence for personal profit, was observed as well by the British novelist and former MI-6 officer, while engaged in operations in wartime Portugal. Greene later used this information in his 1958 spy novel, Our Man in Havana, as he observed enemy agents who fabricated "secrets" for money.
       Thus, Portugal's World War II experiences introduced the country and her people to a host of new peoples, ideas, products, and influences that altered attitudes and quickened the pace of change in this quiet, largely tradition-bound, isolated country. The 1943-45 connections established during the Allied use of air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands were a prelude to Portugal's postwar membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > World War II

  • 14 get

    1. I
    1) I have 10 shillings more to get мне надо достать еще десять шиллингов
    2) she gave him as good as she got она дала ему сдачи
    2. II
    1) get somewhere get here (home, thus far, abroad, etc.) приезжать /добираться, попадать/ сюда и т. д.; he forgot the key and couldn't get in он забыл ключ и не мог попасть в дом; the door was locked and we could not get out дверь была заперта [на ключ], и мы не могли войти; the train is starting, you must get in поезд отправляется, вам надо войти в вагон; I have no ticket, will I be able to get in? у меня нет билета, мне можно пройти /меня пропустят/? get out! вылезай(те)!, выходи(те)!; please, let me get by пожалуйста, пропустите меня /разрешите мне пройти/; get ashore сходить /высаживаться/ на берег; get astray заблудиться; rumours (reports, etc.) get abroad ходят /распространяются/ слухи и т. д.; this piece of news has got abroad эта новость стала широко известна; such sensations get abroad такого рода сенсационные сообщения становятся достоянием широкой публики; he'll soon get there он там скоро будет, он туда скоро попадет; your letter got there yesterday ваше письмо там получили /пришло туда/ вчера; how (lid these flowers get there? как туда попали эти цветы?: he got home quickly он быстро добрался до дому: the bridge was destroyed and we couldn't get across мост был разрушен, и мы не могли попасть на ту сторону; the frontier is so well guarded that. no one can get across граница так надежно /хорошо/ охраняется, что никто не может ее перейти /что ее невозможно нарушить/; get down спуститься вниз: the cat climbed to the top of tile tree and couldn't get down кошка взобралась на вершину дерева и не могла слезть
    2) he tries hard but he never gets anywhere он много работает, но у него ничего не выходит, он прилагает много усилий, но ничего не может добиться; you'll get nowhere if you work so little если вы будете так мало работать, вы ничего не добьетесь: with courage we can get anywhere мужество поможет нам добиться всего; he is getting ahead splendidly у него дела идут прекрасно; at last we seem to be getting somewhere похоже, наконец у нас что-то получается
    3. III
    1) get smth. get an answer (a postcard, a telegram, good new?get information, a birthday present, a pension, wages, etc.) получать ответ и т.д., get confirmation получить подтверждение; he got a surprise его ждал сюрприз; where can I get permission? его можно получить разрешение?; get one's breakfast (one's dinner, etc.) позавтракать и т. д.; I could not get any supper я остался без ужина, я не смог поужинать || get a sight /а glimpse/ of smb., smth. увидеть кого-л., что-л.
    2) get smth., smb. where did you get the money? где вы достали /раздобыли/ деньги? get a hat (a new coat, same stamps, a new diary, etc.) приобретать /покупать/ шляпу и т. д.'; you had better get a new umbrella вам бы надо купить /вам нужен/ новый зонтик; where can I get this book? где можно достать /купить/ эту книгу? I got the book. needed я нашел /достал/ нужную мне книгу; I'll go and get some milk. get Some biscuits too a схожу за молоком. get Возьми еще и печенья. get the prize (a good crop, credit, much, little, etc.) получать приз и т. д., he has got the support of the directors он получил поддержку /добился поддержки/ директоров; get a profit получать прибыль; he got nothing ему ничего на досталось, get good results (advantage, power, fame, wealth, etc.) добиваться хороших результатов и т.д., I went and got some singing lessons я пошел и взял несколько уроков пения; get friends при обретать друзей; where do you get pupils? откуда вы берете учеников?; get a wife жениться; get knowledge of the subject овладевать каким-л. предметом || get possession of smth. завладеть /овладеть/ чем-л.; get one's own way добиться своего
    3) get smth., smb. get one's hat (one's stick, one's bag, etc.) взять [с собой] шляпу и т. д., wait till I get my coat подожди, я только возьму пальто; go and get the doctor сходи за врачом; hold the line, I'll go and get him не вешайте трубку, я сейчас ere позову /найду/
    4) get smth. the room (the house, etc.) gets no sun в комнату и т. д. совсем не попадает солнце; this room gets all the sun именно в эту комнату попадает солнце; I'll come and see you if I get the time я приеду повидать вас, если у меня будет время; she hoped to get a little sleep она надеялась, что немного поспит /что ей удастся немного поспать/; I'll go and get some sleep пойду сосну
    5) get smb.,smth. I didn't get him a) я не застал его; б) я не дозвонился ему; you got the wrong number вы ошиблись номером /вы не туда попали/
    6) get smb., smth. get the thief (the runaway, the culprit, a squirrel, etc.) поймать вора и т. д.; did he get his train он успел на поезд?; I decided to get the next train я решил сесть на следующий поезд
    7) get smth. get an illness заболеть; get a cold /а chill/ простудиться; get [the] measles (scarlet fever, typhus, etc.) заболеть корью, подхватить корь и т. д.; have you got a cold? у вас насморк?; get a bad fall (a slight hurt) сильно (слегка) ушибиться; get a blow (a shock, a nasty wound, etc.) получить удар и т. д.
    8) get smth. get ten years (six months, etc.) получить десять лет тюрьмы /тюремного заключения/ и т. д., быть приговоренным к десяти годам [тюремного заключения] и т. д.; you'll get a beating тебя ожидает порка, тебя высекут; you'll get a scolding тебя ожидает /ты получишь/ выговор; you'll get it! тебе влетит
    9) get smth., smb. coll. get the joke (smb.'s meaning, smb.'s idea, etc.) понимать шутку и т. д., I don't get it не понял; it is just between us, get it? это только между нами, попятно?; I didn't get your name я не разобрал /не расслышал/ вашего имени; I don't get you я вас не понимаю
    10) get smth. dividing nine by three we get three если разделить девять на три, получится три
    11) have got smth. I have got a new watch (a new suit, a new hat, a car, etc.) у меня [есть] новые часы и т. д; have you got a newspaper (the tickets, a pencil, an erasing-knife, etc)? у вас есть газета и т.д.? I've got no money у меня нет денег; she's got a lovely voice у нее красивый голос; he'll lose all he's got, if he isn't careful если он не будет более осмотрительным /осторожнее/, он потеряет все, что имеет
    4. IV
    1) get smth. at some time get the answer this morning (some money soon, etc.) получить ответ сегодня утром и т. д.; get money every month получать деньги каждый месяц; I get a letter every day каждый день мне приходит /я получаю/ письмо; in this hotel I get breakfast every morning в этой гостинице каждое утро дают /подают/ завтрак; get your dinner at once сейчас же пообедай; get smth. in some manner you got the answer right ты получил /у тебя получился/ правильный ответ
    2) get smth. in some manner get this horse (this coat, this bicycle, etc.) cheap (ly) дешево купить /приобрести/ лошадь и т. д., купить эту лошадь и т. д. по дешевке; get the book second-hand приобрести подержанную книгу, купить книгу у букиниста; get money easily легко зарабатывать /доставать, получать/ деньги; get this book easily достать эту книгу без затруднений
    3) get smb., smth. somewhere get him home (the old man upstairs, you there, the child up, etc.) отводить /доставлять, приводить/ его домой и т.д., get smb. in а) помочь кому-л. проникнуть куда-л.; б) втащить кого-л. вовнутрь; get smb. out а) помочь кому-л. выбраться откуда-л.; б) вытащить кого-л. откуда-л.; get the horses out вывести лошадей; what got you here? что вас привело сюда?; get this parcel home (the table here, etc.) доставлять посылку домой и т. д., get the chairs (the washing, some coal, etc.) in вносить стулья и т.д., I don't know how you'll ever get the box (the trunk, the piano, etc.) upstairs не знаю, как вы втащите этот ящик и т. д. наверх; get a mast up ставить мачту; get up a sunken vessel поднимать затонувшее судно; get smth. overboard выбрасывать что-л. за борт; get his letter (one's own books, my money, etc.) back получить обратно его письме и т. д., now I've got you back теперь вы вернулись ко мне
    4) get smb. at some time I'll get you yet! я еще вас поймаю!, вы еще мне попадетесь!; he got you that time! на этот раз он вас поймал!
    5) get smb. somewhere it will get him nowhere, it won't get him anywhere это ничего ему не даст, этим он ничего не добьется; all work and no play does not get you anywhere если работать и не отдыхать, толку будет мало
    6) get smb., smth. in some manner coll. I get you (your meaning, your idea, etc.) all right я хорошо понимаю вас и т. д.
    7) have got smth. somewhere what have you got there? что у вас там?
    5. V
    get smb. smth.
    1) get him a ticket (me a dictionary, them those pictures, etc.) доставать /покупать/ ему билет и т. д.; get me a good teacher (him a place. her another job, etc.) найдите мне хорошего преподавателя и т. д.
    2) get smb. a towel (me my hat, him another dictionary, her a chair, me some ink, etc.) принести кому-л. полотенце и т. д.; can you get me another pencil? вы можете принести /дать/ мне другой карандаш?
    3) get smb. smb., smth. get me the director (the hospital, the head teacher, etc.) соедините меня с директором и т. д.
    6. VI
    1) get smth., smb. in some state get dinner (breakfast, books, etc.) ready приготовить обед и т. д., she quickly got the children ready for school она быстро собрала детей в школу; get one's feet (one's clothes, etc.) wet промочить ноги и т. д.; get the windows open открыть окна; get everything right again снова навести везде порядок; get smb. free освободить кого-л., выпустить кого-л. на свободу; get the dog loose спустить собаку с цепи; it gets me down-hearted это приводит меня в уныние
    2) get smth. in some state get the sum right получить правильный ответ [в решении задачи], правильно решить задачу
    7. VII
    1) get smth., smb. to do smth. get something (nothing, etc.) to eat (to read, to play with, etc.) достать что-нибудь поесть и т. д.; get leave to go home получить отпуск для поездки домой; get smb. to clean the windows (to wash the floors, to do the room, etc.) найти кого-л. [, чтобы] вымыть окна и т. д.; I can't get anyone to do the work properly не могу найти человека, который выполнил бы эту работу как следует
    2) get smb., smth. to do smth. get your friend to help you (him to come, her to join us, your brother to introduce me to the chairman, etc.) убедить /заставить/ вашего приятеля /друга/ помочь вам и т. д.; get a fire to burn разжечь огонь или костер; get this door to shut properly починить дверь, чтобы она закрывалась как следует; I can never get him to go to bed я никогда не могу уложить его спать; get him to tell her about it уговорите его рассказать ей об этом; you will not be able to get a tree to grow in this soil вам не удастся вырастить дерево на такой почве
    3) Have got smth. to do I have got very much /lots of work/ to do у меня очень много работы /дел/, мне надо очень много сделать; what have you got to say? что вы можете сказать?
    8. VIII
    get smth., smb. doing smth.get the clock (the work, the typewriter, etc.) going наладить часы и т. д; at last he got the stone rolling наконец ему удалось сдвинуть камень, и тот покатился; she got everybody singing все подхватили ее песню; она заставила всех петь; I'll get her talking а) я заставлю ее заговорить; б) я разговорю ее; that got him guessing это заставило его теряться в догадках
    9. IX
    1) get smth., smb. done I must get the book bound (my passport endorsed, the work done, my shoes repaired, etc.) мне нужно [отдать] переплести книгу и т. д.; we are getting our apartment newly papered мы заново оклеиваем [обоями] квартиру; I shall get my hair cut я постригусь; can you get the work finished in time (by evening)? a) вы можете закончить работу вовремя (к вечеру)?; б) вы можете добиться, чтобы работа была готова вовремя (к вечеру)?; where can I this printed (my piano tuned, my shoes soled, etc.)? где мне / я могу/ это напечатать и т. д.?; I want to get my coat mended я хочу починить /отдать в починку/ пальто; get the laws obeyed (my words believed, etc.) добиться [того], чтобы законы выполнялись /соблюдались/ и т. д.; get oneself appointed (noticed, chosen, etc.) сделать так, чтобы тебя назначили и т. д., they got him elected chairman они провели его в председатели
    2) get smb. in some state get a man drunk напоить человека; get smb. dressed (washed, fed, etc.) одеть и т. д. кого-л.; it gets me discouraged я от этого прихожу в уныние; he got his face scratched (his wrist broken, etc.) он расцарапал лицо и т. д.
    10. X
    get into some state get married (dressed, shaved, brushed clean, confused, hurt, etc.) жениться и т.д., get drunk напиваться; get tired уставать; get frozen замерзать; he got drowned он утонул; you must get done /finished/ with it с этим нужно покончить /кончать/; get used /accustomed/ to the climate here (to the customs and manners over here, to sitting up late, to the rolling of a ship, etc.) привыкать к здешнему климату и т. д., he got fired /dismissed/ (severely wounded, killed, etc.) его уволили /выгнали/ и т. д.; he got paid for this ему за это заплатили; he got mixed up with dishonest men он связался с дурной компанией; they got left behind они отстали; that vase will get broken эта ваза разобьется; everything gets known все становится известным || get rid of smb., smth. отделываться /избавляться/ от кого-л., чего-л.; get rid of a troublesome visitor (of a lazy servant, of the old car, of an engagement, etc.) избавиться /отделаться/ от назойливого посетителя и т. д.
    11. XI
    1) be got the thing is not to be got fay вещь нельзя достать
    2) be got at the soul of a people can be got at fully only through, the knowledge of its language душу народа можно познать только через его язык
    3) be got at coll. the witness (the press, the voters, etc.) have been got at свидетели и т. д. были подкуплены
    12. ХIII
    1) get to do smth. soon she got to like her job скоро ей начала нравиться /понравилась/ ее работа, она вскоре полюбила свой работу;how did you get to know it? как вы об этом узнали?, как вам удалось это узнать?; they got to be friends они стали друзьями; you'll like him when /once/ you get to know him когда вы его узнаете, вы его полюбите
    2) have got to do smth. we've got to go (to write a letter, to listen to what he says, to leave early to catch my train, to pass this examination, etc.) нам необходимо /мы должны/ идти и т.д., it has got to be done это должно быть сделано /надо сделать/; she's got to work hard for her living ей приходится много работать, чтобы заработать на жизнь
    3) id have got to do with smth. what's that got to do with us? какое это имеет отношение к нам?
    13. XIV
    get doing smth.,get moving (rolling, singing, etc.) начать двигаться и т. д.; when these women get talking they go on for hours когда эти женщины начнут разговаривать /болтать/, их не остановишь; we got talking of the future мы стали говорить /заговорили/ о будущем; they wanted to get going on the construction of the house они хотели приступить к строительству дома; if we don't get doing we'll never arrive in time если мы не тронемся в путь, мы ни за что не приедем вовремя; things haven't really got going yet дела еще фактически не сдвинулись с места /с мертвой точки/; let's get going! пошли!, пойдём!, поёхали!
    13. XV
    get into some state get warmer (worse and worse, uglier every day, etc.) становиться теплее и т. д.; get grey (old, silly, poor, red in the face, etc.) поседеть и т. д.; get well поправляться, выздоравливать; he is getting better ему уже лучше; get asleep засыпать; I am getting thirsty (sleepy, hungry. etc.) мне захотелось пить и т. д., the children will get wet (hungry, etc.) дети вымокнут /промокнут/ и т. д.; he got rich он разбогател; he got mad at the message записка его разозлила; он разозлился на записку; they got closer to each other они сблизились, они стали ближе друг другу; it got rainy пошли дожди; it got foggy опустился туман; the sky got cloudy небо заволокло тучами; it is getting dark (cold, warm, etc.) темнеет и т. д. it is getting late уже поздно; the fire is getting low костер гаснет /угасает/; things are getting better дела идут все лучше
    14. XVI
    1) get into (out of, through, over, up, across, at, etc.) smth. get into the room (into town, into a bar, etc.) попадать /входить/ в комнату и т. д.; the burglar got into the kitchen through the window грабитель проник /влез/ в кухню через окно; get into a car сесть /влезть/ в автомобиль /в машину/; get into the saddle сесть /взобраться/ в седло; something has got into my eye мне что-то попало в глаз this story got into the newspapers эта история попала в газеты; where has that book got to? куда запропастилась /делась/ эта книга?; get to the station (to London, to the office, etc.) добраться до вокзала и т. д.; where did you get to yesterday? куда вы делись /где вы были/ вчера?; get out, of a train (out of a bus, out of a carriage, etc.) выходить из поезда и т. д., get out of bed! вставайте!; get out of here (out of this house)! прочь отсюда (из этого дома)!; get out of the way of a car посторониться и пропустить машину; get out of smb.'s way уйти с чьей-л. дороги; get through the hole in the wall (through the eye of a needle, through a gap, through a crack, etc.) пролезать через дыру в стене и т. д.; get over a fence (over a wall, over a stile, etc.) перелезать через забор и т. д.; get over /across/ a river переправляться через реку; get across tile street (across /over/ the bridge, across the frontier, etc.) перейти на другую сторону улицы и т. д.; he got above the clouds он поднялся над облаками; get under the hedge (under the wire netting, under the rope, etc.) пролезать под изгородью и т. д.; get under some old boxes (under some bushes, etc.) залезать /закатиться/ под старые ящики и т. д.; under the wheels (under а motor-саг, etc.) попасть под колеса и т. д.; the cat got under the bed (under the fence, etc.) кошка шмыгнула под кровать и т. д.; get at the top shelf (at the ripest fruit, at one's luggage, etc.) дотянуться /достать/ до верхней полки и т. д.; keep medicines where children can't get at them убирайте лекарства так, чтобы дети не смогли их достать; the dog could not get at me собака не могла меня достать; let me get at him coll. дайте мне только до него добраться; get down a tree (down a fence, etc.) слезать с дерева и т. д., get up a ladder (up a hill, up a tree, etc.) взбираться на лестницу и т. д.; get by the guard (by the policeman, etc.) проскользнуть мимо часового и т. д.; get before the crowd (before the procession, before the column of marchers, etc.) обогнать толпу и т. д.; get behind a tree (behind a door, behind a fence, etc.) встать /спрятаться/ за дерево и т. д.; the реп got behind the bookcase ручка закаталась /попала/ за книжный шкаф; get between the sheets залезть под одеяло; he got between the boys and prevented a fight он встал между мальчишками и не дал им сцепиться; get aboard a ship подняться на борт корабля
    2) get to (abreast of, beyond, as far аs, etc.) smth. get to the end of the chapter (to the main subject, to the theme of my story, to the heart of the matter, etc.) дойти /добраться/ до конца главы и т. д.: how far did you get to? до какого места ты дочитал?; get to the head of one's class выйти на первое место в классе; стать первым учеником в классе; get to the city police (to the authorities, etc.) связаться с городской полицией и т. д.; get to some time (to some age) достигать какого-л. времени (возраста); when it gets to 10 o'clock I begin to feel tired к десяти часам я начинаю чувствовать усталость: when you get to 70... когда вам [будет] семьдесят...; get between two fighting parties оказаться /очутиться/ между двумя враждующими /борющимися/ группами; his anger has got beyond control он вышел из себя, он уже не мог сдержать гнев; he doesn't let much get by him он почти ничего не пропускает; практически ничто мимо него не проходит; you cannot easily get at him с ним не так просто связаться /увидеться/; get abreast of modem technology достичь современного уровня техники; we got as far as the lake мы дошли или доехали до озера || get in touch with smb. связаться / установить контакт/ с кем-л.
    3) get within smth. get within smb.'s reach (within the range of their fire, etc.) оказаться в пределах чьей-л. досягаемости и т. д.; get within earshot оказаться в пределах слышимости; get within their sight оказаться в поле их зрения; get out of smth. get out of smb.'s sight скрыться с чьих-л. глаз; get out of smb.'s reach оказаться для них вне пределов досягаемости; get among smb. get among friends (among enemies, among strangers, etc.) оказаться среди друзей и т. д. || get into the hands of the police попасть в руки полиции
    4) get into smth. get into a coat (into one's clothes, into one's boots, etc.) надевать пальто и т. д., get into one's trousers натянуть брюки; I can't get into these shoes, they are three sizes too small я не могу надеть эти ботинки, мне надо на три номера больше
    5) get into smth. get into business (into trade, into the movies, into politics, etc.) заняться коммерцией и т. д.; get into fights with the neighbour's children драться /вступать в драку/ с соседскими мальчишками; get into Parliament (into a party, into a club, etc.) стать членом парламента и т. д.; get into office получить /занять/ должность; Kennedy got into office in 1961 Кеннеди стал президентом в тысяча девятьсот шестьдесят первом году; get into conversation (into a dispute with smb., into correspondence, into communication, etc.) завязать разговор и т.д.; they got into quite an argument about it между ними разгорелся довольно жаркий спор
    6) get in (to) smth. get into trouble (into a difficulty, into mischief, etc.) попасть в беду и т. д.; get into debt залезть в долги; get in a row (into a horrible scrape, etc.) оказаться замешанным /ввязаться/ в скандал и т. д.; get into a bad habit приобрести плохую /дурную/ привычку; get into the habit /into the way/ of getting up early (of doing things one's own way, of answering back, etc.) привыкнуть рано вставать и т. д., get into a rage впасть в ярость; get into a panic поддаться панике; get into general use получить широкое распространение; get out of smth. get out of practice потерять навык, [давно] не иметь практики; get out of repair требовать ремонта; get out of order выйти из строя, испортиться, сломаться; get out of shape потерять форму
    7) get over (out of, through,get etc.) smth. get over a difficulty ( over an obstacle, over an impediment, etc.) преодолеть затруднение и т. д.; she couldn't get over her shyness (over her embarrassment, over her confusion, over her dislike of him, over the disinclination to work, etc.) она не могла побороть / преодолеть/ свой застенчивость и т. д.; he couldn't get over his stutter он не мог избавиться от заикания; I can't get over his abominable manners никак не могу примириться с его ужасными манерами /привыкнуть к его ужасным манерам/; get over a disappointment (over an alarm, over a surprise, etc.) прийти в себя после разочарования и т. д.; I couldn't get over his behaviour он себя так плохо вел, что я никак не мог успокоиться; I couldn't get over the fear of him я никак не мог избавиться от чувства /преодолеть чувство/ страха перед ним; get over an illness (over an ailment, over that severe cold, over an injury, etc.) оправиться от /после/ болезна и т.д., get over /out of/ a bad habit отделаться / отучиться/ от дурной привычки; get out of a difficulty выйти из затруднительного положения; there is по getting out of it, you cannot get out of it от этого не открутишься; don't try to get out of your duties не пытайтесь уклоняться от своих обязанностей; get through another bad winter (through a dangerous illness, etc.) пережить еще одну тяжелую зиму и т. д.; I don't know how I'll get through this month я не знаю, как я дотяну до конца месяца; I don't know how I got through the day не знаю, как я прожил /выдержал/ этот день; get through an exam выдержать экзамен; get through written papers написать контрольную работу; get through a driving test сдать экзамен на водительские права; how he got through college is a mystery совершенно непонятно, как он смог окончить колледж; get (a)round smth. get around the law (around the regulations, around that clause, around a difficulty, etc.) обходить закон и т. д.; there is no getting (aground this fact a) нельзя не (посчитаться с этим фактом; б) нельзя пройти мимо этого факта; get (a)round smb. coll. she can get (aground anyone она может убедить /обвести вокруг пальца/ кого хочешь /кого угодно/; she knows how to get round him она знает, как к нему подъехать
    8) get through /over/ smth. get through a lot of reading (through a lot of work, etc.) много прочитать и т.д., get through her washing (through one's homework, through this book, etc.) закончить стирку и т. д.; how could he get through all these files? как он успел просмотреть все эти папки?; get through one's task with great speed быстро выполнить свой задачу; get through a lot of correspondence ( through these books, etc.) разделаться с большим количеством писем и т. д.; get through such a lot of food (through all this meat, through a bottle of gin a week, etc.) съесть /осилить/ много всякой всячины и т. д.; get through one's fortune (through a lot of money, through L 1000 in less than a week, etc.) растратить /растранжирить, промотать/ свое состояние и т. д.
    9) get at smth., smb. get at the truth (at the facts, at the root of the trouble, at the cause of the disturbance, at the heart of things, etc.) докапываться до правды и т. д.; get at the meaning of the sentence добраться до сути этого предложения; get at the secret of his success выяснить /понять/, в чем секрет его успеха; that's what I want to get at вот в чем мне хочется разобраться, вот что мне хочется постичь; what are you getting at? coll. a) чего вы хотите?, к чему вы клоните?; б) что вы имеете в виду?; we could not tell what the speaker was getting at мы не знали /не понимали/, что имел в виду /хотел сказать/ оратор; who are you getting at? кого вы имеете в виду?, на кого вы намекаете?; were you getting at me in that last remark you made? в своем последнем замечании вы намекали на меня? /вы имели в виду меня/?; he is always getting at me coll. он вечно ко мне цепляется /придирается/
    10) get at smb. get at a witness (at a judge, at the press, etc.) подкупать свидетеля и т. д.
    15. XVII
    1) get (in)to doing smth. coll. get into sleeping in the afternoon (to fighting, etc.) взять себе за привычку спать днем и т. д.; I got to thinking that... я стал думать, что...
    2) get out of doing smth. get out of attending smth. (out of going there, out of answering, etc.) отвертеться и не пойти на какое-л. мероприятие и т. д.; get as far as doing smth. we did not get as far as discussing finances мы не дошли до обсуждения финансовых вопросов
    16. XXI1
    1) get smth. from (at, out of, etc.) smth., smb. get machinery from Europe (many commodities from abroad, etc.) получать оборудование из Европы и т. д., закупать /покупать, приобретать/ оборудование в Европе и т.д., get our things at this shop покупать /приобретать/ вещи в этом магазине; get information from the library (money from the bank, help from him, etc.) получать, сведения из библиотеки и т. д., get dinner (lunch, etc.) at the hotel (at the restaurant, at the inn, etc.) (пообедать и т. д. в гостинице и т. д.; I got this information (the news, facts. etc.) from a friend of mine (from my secretary, etc.) мне это и т. д. сообщил один приятель и т. д., я получил эти сведения и т. д. от одного приятеля и т. д.; get butter from cream получать масло из сливок; get a confession out of the prisoner ( a secret out of the woman, the truth out of the man, etc.) вытянуть / вырвать/ у заключенного признание и т. д.; get smth. for smth. get data for analysis (information for the article, new curtains for the guest-room, etc.) доставать /добывать/ данные для анализа и т. д., get material for research собирать материал для исследования: can I still get a ticket for tonight's play? можно еще достать /купить, получить/ билет на сегодняшний спектакль?; get smth. for smb. get tickets (another dictionary, this book, etc.) for him купить или заказать ему билеты и т. д.; get smth. by smth. get good results by hard work усердием /большим трудом/ добиться хороших результатов; get very little by deceit немногого добиться обманом || get hold of the manager (of the secretary, of the owner, etc.) разыскать /найти/ администратора и т. д., where did you get hold of this curious old picture? где вы раздобыли эту любопытную старую картину?; he got the start of his rivals он получил преимущество перед своими соперниками
    2) get smth. from smb. get presents from his brother (a letter from one's parents, a message from him, etc.) получать подарки от брата и т. д.; get no help (no money, no advice, etc.) from him не получать от него помощи и т. д.; you will never get anything from him от него ничего не дождешься; get his timidity from his mother унаследовать робость от матери; get smth. for smth. get a good salary for the job (a reward for his part in the affair, a medal for bravery. etc.) получать хорошую зарплату за эту работу и т. д.; what did you get for this article? сколько вам заплатили за эту статью?; get a good price for the land получить хорошую цену за землю; I will see what I can get for it посмотри, сколько я могу за это получить /выручить, взять/; get a new watch (a ring, a new hat, etc.) for one's birthday получить новые часы и т. д. [в подарок] на день рождения; get smth. out of smth. what did you get out of his lecture? что вы вынесли из его лекции?, что вам дала его лекция?; all he got out of it was disgrace это принесло ему только позор; get smth. of smb., smth. what impression did you get of him (of this play, etc.)? .какое он и т. д. на вас произвел впечатление?
    3) get smth., smb. across (from, to, etc.) smth. get smth. across the river (across the sea, across the frontier, etc.) переправить что-л. через реку и т. д.; get smb. across the street (across the bridge, across the field, etc) перевести кого-л. через улицу и т. д.; get one's hat from the other room (the books from the study, the tea-things from the kitchen, etc.) принести шляпу из другой комнаты и т. д., get down a book from the top shelf (the boy from the fence, my hat from the book, etc.) снимать книгу с верхней полки и т. д.; get a letter to London (to Paris, etc.) доставить письмо в Лондон и т. д., get the child to bed уложить ребенка в постель; get the trunk back to the garret отнести сундук обратно на чердак; get the parcel back to London снова доставить пакет в Лондон; get your TV back for this evening (for the party, etc.) принесите снова ваш телевизор на этот вечер и т. д.; the car did not get him very far on the road home он проехал на машине лишь небольшую часть дороги домой; that did not get him very far on the road to fame это весьма незначительно способствовало его продвижению по пути славы; get smth., smb. to smb., smth. how can I get these things to you? как мне переправить вам эти вещи?; get the slaves to the north переправить рабов на север
    4) get smth., smb. into (through, from, out of, etc.) smth. I can't get the key into the lock я не могу вставить ключ в замок; help me get the pig into the cart помогите мне втащить поросенка в телегу: how can I get all these books into the bag? как мне запихнуть /засунуть, впихнуть/ все эти книги в портфель?; get the piano through the door протащить пианино в дверь; get the milk from the refrigerator for me достаньте мне молока из холодильника; get smth. out of the house выносить что-л. из дома; get a cork out of a bottle вытаскивать пробку из бутылки; get stains out of a coat выводить пятна с пиджака: get these things out of the way уберите эти вещи с дороги [, чтобы они не мешали]; get the man out of the house (the dog out of the room, etc.) выводить человека из дома и т. д.: get her out of the country помочь ей уехать или вывезти ее из страны /за границу/ || get smth. into one's head вбить себе что-л. в голову: he got it into his head that everybody was persecuting him он вбил себе в голову, что его все преследуют; get smth. out of one's head выбросить что-л. из головы; get the idea (the thing, it, the notion, etc.) out of one's head выбросить эту мысль и т. д. из головы, перестать об этом думать
    5) get smb., smth. into (through) smth. get him into Parliament (into their headquarters, etc.) провести /протащить/ его в парламент и т. д.; get smb. into the firm пристроить кого-л. в эту фирму; get a bill through Parliament (this measure through the house, etc.) провести /протащить/ законопроект в парламенте и т. д., he helped me to get my luggage through the customs он помог мне пройти таможенный досмотр; get a pupil through his examination вытащить ученика на экзамене; it was his mathematics that got him through entrance examinations он выдержал приемные экзамены благодаря тому, что хорошо знал математику; get an article into a paper поместить статьи в газете; get the report into print сдать доклад в печать
    6) get smb. by smth. get smb. by the hand (by the hair, by the throat, by the wrist. etc.) схватить кого-л. за руку и т. д.: get smth., smb. on (by) smth. I get all program (me)s on my TV-set мой телевизор принимает все программы; how many stations can you get on your radio set? сколько станций берет /принимает/ ваш приемник?; I can't get him on the phone я не могу связаться с ним по телефону; get smb. by phone (by radio, etc.) связаться с кем-л. по телефону и т. д.
    7) get smb. in (on, through, etc.) smth. the bullet got him in the leg (through the stomach, in the shoulder, etc.) пуля попала ему в ногу и т. д.; the blow got him on the head (in the mouth, on the back, etc.) удар пришелся ему по голове и т. д., get smth. in smth. get a splinter in one's finger занозить палец; get a bullet in the leg получить пулевое ранение в ногу
    8) get smb. into smth. get smb. into debt (into difficulties, into a fight, etc.) вовлекать кого-л. в долги и т. д., she got me into trouble у меня из-за нее /она втравила меня в/ неприятности; get smb. out of smth. get smb. out of a fix /out of difficulty/ вызволить кого-л. из затруднения; get the children out of this habit отучать детей от этой привычки || get smth., smb. off one's hands избавиться от чего-л., кого-л., сбыть что-л., кого-л. с рук; she wished she could get the old house (the useless books, her unmarried daughter, etc.) off her hands ей хотелись избавиться /освободиться/ от старого дома и т. д. /сбыть старый дом и т. д. с рук/
    9) get smth. of smth. get 5 years of hard labour получить пять лет каторжных работ; get smth. for smth. he got a stiff sentence for his crimes за совершенные преступления ему был вынесен суровый приговор
    10) have got smth., smb. in (at, on, etc.) smth. I have /I've/ got money in the bank (a flat in this house, a friend at the studio, etc.) у меня в банке [лежат] деньги и т. д. || he's got smth., smb. on the brain он все время о чем-л., о ком-л. думает
    17. XXII
    get smth. by doing smth. that's what you get by talking too much вот что ты получаешь /вот как ты расплачиваешься/ за болтливость; get a good price by bargaining поторговаться и получить хорошую цену; get smth. for doing smth. you'll get a beating for doing this тебе за это всыпят; you'll get it for breaking that vase! тебе крепко достанется за то, что ты разбил вазу!
    18. XXIV1
    get smth., smb. as smth. get L 10 as reward (a book as a consolation prize, the newcomer as assistant, etc.) получить десять фунтов в качестве вознаграждения и т. д.; I got this book as a present я получил эту книгу в подарок; we get L 20 as the average мы получаем в среднем двадцать фунтов
    19. XXVI
    get smb., smth. before... (when..., etc.) get him before he escapes схватить его до того, как он скроется; get the book when the price is reduced купить книгу, когда ее уценят

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > get

  • 15 vague

    adjective
    vage; verschwommen, undeutlich [Form, Umriss]; undefinierbar [Farbe]; (absent-minded) geistesabwesend; (inattentive) unkonzentriert

    not have the vaguest idea or notion — nicht die blasseste od. leiseste Ahnung haben

    be vague about something — etwas nur vag[e] andeuten; (in understanding) nur eine vage Vorstellung von etwas haben

    * * *
    [veiɡ]
    1) (not clear, distinct or definite: Through the fog we saw the vague outline of a ship; She has only a vague idea of how this machine works.) unbestimmt
    2) ((of people) imprecise, or impractical and forgetful: He is always very vague when making arrangements.) vage
    •
    - academic.ru/79608/vagueness">vagueness
    - vaguely
    * * *
    [veɪg]
    1. (not distinct) ungenau, vage; figure, shape verschwommen, undeutlich
    a \vague conception ein verschwommenes Konzept
    a \vague memory eine vage Erinnerung
    \vague pains diffuse Schmerzen
    \vague promises vage Versprechungen
    a \vague suspicion eine vage Vermutung
    to reply in \vague terms eine ausweichende Antwort geben
    2. (imprecise) person zerstreut
    ▪ to be \vague about sth sich akk [nur] vage zu etw dat äußern
    * * *
    [veɪg]
    adj (+er)
    1) (= not clear) person, plan vage, unbestimmt; outline, shape verschwommen; photograph unscharf, verschwommen; report, question vage, ungenau; murmur dumpf, undeutlich

    there's a vague resemblance — es besteht eine entfernte Ähnlichkeit

    I had a vague idea she would come — ich hatte so eine (dunkle) Ahnung, dass sie kommen würde

    he was vague about the time of his arrival — er äußerte sich nur vage or unbestimmt über seine Ankunftszeit

    2) (= absent-minded) geistesabwesend, zerstreut

    do you really understand, you look rather vague? — verstehst du das wirklich, du siehst so verwirrt aus?

    to have a vague look in one's eyes — einen abwesenden or (not having understood) verständnislosen Gesichtsausdruck haben

    * * *
    vague [veıɡ]
    A adj (adv vaguely)
    1. vage:
    a) nebelhaft, verschwommen (Aussage, Gestalt etc)
    b) unbestimmt (Verdacht etc)
    c) dunkel (Vorahnung etc)
    d) unklar (Beschreibung etc);
    vague answer auch nichtssagende Antwort;
    vague hope vage Hoffnung;
    I haven’t got the vaguest idea ich habe nicht die leiseste Ahnung;
    be vague sich unklar ausdrücken ( about über akk);
    it’s vaguely familiar to me es ist irgendwie bekannt
    2. undefinierbar, unbestimmt (Charakter etc)
    3. ausdruckslos (Augen etc)
    4. geistesabwesend
    B s (das) Vage:
    be in the vague (noch) unklar oder unbestimmt sein
    * * *
    adjective
    vage; verschwommen, undeutlich [Form, Umriss]; undefinierbar [Farbe]; (absent-minded) geistesabwesend; (inattentive) unkonzentriert

    not have the vaguest idea or notion — nicht die blasseste od. leiseste Ahnung haben

    be vague about something — etwas nur vag[e] andeuten; (in understanding) nur eine vage Vorstellung von etwas haben

    * * *
    adj.
    diffus (Gedanken) adj.
    undeutlich adj.
    unklar adj.
    vag adj.

    English-german dictionary > vague

  • 16 idea

    idea [aɪ'dɪə]
    (a) (plan, suggestion, inspiration) idée f;
    ∎ what a good idea! quelle bonne idée!;
    ∎ I've had an idea j'ai une idée;
    ∎ it wasn't MY idea! l'idée n'était pas de moi!;
    ∎ the idea of leaving you never entered my head l'idée de te quitter ne m'a jamais effleuré;
    ∎ where did you get the idea for your book? d'où vous est venue l'idée de votre livre?;
    ∎ I thought the idea was for them to come here il n'était pas prévu que ce serait eux qui viendraient ici?;
    ∎ that's an idea! ça, c'est une bonne idée!;
    ∎ that's the idea! c'est ça!;
    ∎ what's the idea? (showing disapproval) qu'est-ce que ça veut dire ou signifie?;
    ∎ the very idea! en voilà une idée!
    (b) (notion) idée f;
    ∎ our ideas about the universe notre conception de l'univers;
    ∎ he has some strange ideas il a de drôles d'idées;
    ∎ I have my own ideas on the subject j'ai mes idées personnelles sur la question;
    ∎ sorry, but this is not my idea of fun désolé, mais je ne trouve pas ça drôle ou ça ne m'amuse pas;
    ∎ if this is your idea of a joke si tu trouves que c'est drôle;
    ∎ you've got a funny idea of loyalty tu as une conception bizarre de la loyauté;
    ∎ don't put ideas into his head ne va pas lui fourrer ou lui mettre des idées dans la tête;
    ∎ she hasn't an idea in her head elle n'a pas un grain de jugeote;
    ∎ it was a nice idea to phone c'est gentil d'avoir pensé à téléphoner;
    ∎ you've no idea how difficult it was tu n'imagines pas à quel point c'était difficile;
    ∎ you've no idea of the conditions in which they lived tu ne peux pas t'imaginer les conditions dans lesquelles ils vivaient;
    ∎ has anyone any idea how the accident occurred? est-ce qu'on a une idée de la façon dont l'accident est arrivé?;
    ∎ I have a rough idea of what happened je m'imagine assez bien ce qui est arrivé;
    ∎ no idea! aucune idée!;
    ∎ she had no idea what the time was elle n'avait aucune idée de l'heure;
    ∎ I haven't the slightest idea je n'en ai pas la moindre idée;
    ∎ I've no idea where it came from je ne sais vraiment pas d'où ça vient;
    ∎ what gave him the idea that it would be easy? qu'est-ce qui lui a laissé croire que ce serait facile?
    (c) (estimate) indication f, idée f;
    ∎ can you give me an idea of how much it will cost? est-ce que vous pouvez m'indiquer à peu près combien ça va coûter?
    (d) (suspicion) soupçon m, idée f;
    ∎ she had an idea that something was going to happen elle se doutait que quelque chose allait arriver;
    ∎ I've an idea that he'll succeed j'ai dans l'idée qu'il finira par réussir
    (e) (objective, intention) but m;
    ∎ the idea of the game le but du jeu;
    ∎ the idea is to provide help for people in need il s'agit d'aider ceux qui sont dans le besoin
    ►► ideas man concepteur m

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > idea

  • 17 idea

    idea [aɪˈdɪə]
       a. ( = thought, purpose) idée f
    • whose idea was it to take this route? qui a eu l'idée de prendre cet itinéraire ?
    • where did you get the idea that I wasn't well? où as-tu été chercher que je n'allais pas bien ?
    • where did you get that idea? où est-ce que tu as pris cette idée ?
    • what gave you the idea that I couldn't come? qu'est-ce qui t'a fait penser que je ne pourrais pas venir ?
    • don't get any ideas! (inf) ce n'est pas la peine d'y penser !
       b. ( = vague knowledge) idée f
    • have you any idea of what he meant to do? avez-vous idée de ce qu'il voulait faire ?
    • he has no idea what he's doing! il fait n'importe quoi !
    • it was awful, you've no idea! c'était terrible, tu ne peux pas t'imaginer !
    • can you give me a rough idea of how many you want? pouvez-vous m'indiquer en gros combien vous en voulez ?
    • you're getting the idea! (inf) tu commences à comprendre !
    • that's the idea! (inf) c'est ça !
    • what's the big idea? (inf) ça ne va pas, non ? (inf)
    * * *
    [aɪ'dɪə]
    1) ( thought) idée f (about, on sur)

    he came up with ou hit on the idea of buying a farm — l'idée lui est venue d'acheter une ferme

    you can get ou put that idea out of your head! — il n'en est pas question!

    2) ( notion) conception f (about, of de)

    if that's your idea of a joke... — si c'est ça que tu appelles une plaisanterie...

    3) ( impression) impression f
    4) ( knowledge) idée f

    to have no idea why/how etc — ne pas savoir pourquoi/comment etc

    to have no idea of ou about — n'avoir aucune idée de [price, time]

    5) ( theory) idée f
    6) ( aim) but m (behind, of de)
    7) ( gist)
    ••

    English-French dictionary > idea

  • 18 thing

    thing [θɪŋ]
    choses ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (b), 1B (a)-(d), 2 (b)-(d) objet ⇒ 1A (a) créature ⇒ 1A (d) idée ⇒ 1B (a) question ⇒ 1B (b) idéal ⇒ 1C (c) mode ⇒ 1C (d) effets ⇒ 2 (a) affaires ⇒ 2 (a)
    1 noun
    A.
    (a) (object, item) chose f, objet m;
    ∎ what's that yellow thing on the floor? qu'est-ce que c'est que ce truc jaune par terre?;
    ∎ what's that thing for? à quoi ça sert, ça?;
    ∎ what's this knob thing for? à quoi sert cette espèce de bouton?;
    ∎ where's my hat? I can't find the thing anywhere où est mon chapeau? je ne le trouve nulle part;
    ∎ the only thing I could hear was a dripping tap la seule chose que j'entendais c'était un robinet qui fuyait;
    ∎ any idea how to work this thing? tu sais comment ça marche?;
    ∎ I had to rewrite the whole thing j'ai dû tout réécrire;
    ∎ the thing he loves most is his pipe ce qu'il aime le plus, c'est sa pipe;
    ∎ I need a few things from the shop j'ai besoin de faire quelques courses;
    ∎ she loves books and posters and things, she loves things like books and posters elle aime les livres, les posters, ce genre de choses;
    ∎ he likes making things with his hands il est très manuel;
    ∎ she enjoys the good things in life elle apprécie les bonnes choses de la vie;
    ∎ I must be seeing things je dois avoir des visions;
    ∎ I must be hearing things je dois rêver, j'entends des voix;
    ∎ humorous things that go bump in the night les choses qui font du bruit la nuit;
    ∎ they were treated as things not people on les traitait comme des choses, pas comme des êtres humains
    (b) (activity, event) chose f;
    ∎ he likes things like gardening il aime le jardinage et les choses dans ce goût-là;
    ∎ familiar she's still into this art thing in a big way elle est encore très branchée art;
    ∎ the thing to do is to pretend you're asleep vous n'avez qu'à faire semblant de dormir;
    ∎ the first thing to do is (to) ring the police la première chose à faire, c'est d'appeler la police;
    ∎ the only thing left is to… il ne reste plus qu'à…;
    ∎ the next thing on the agenda le point suivant à l'ordre du jour;
    ∎ it's the best thing to do c'est ce qu'il y a de mieux à faire;
    ∎ that was a silly thing to do! ce n'était pas la chose à faire!;
    ∎ how could you do such a thing? comment avez-vous pu faire une chose pareille?;
    ∎ I have lots of things to do j'ai des tas de choses à faire;
    ∎ she certainly gets things done avec elle, ça ne traîne pas
    ∎ I don't know a thing about what happened j'ignore tout de ce qui s'est passé;
    ∎ I don't know a thing about algebra je n'y connais absolument rien en algèbre;
    ∎ not a thing was overlooked pas un détail n'a été négligé;
    ∎ I didn't understand a thing she said je n'ai rien compris à ce qu'elle disait, je n'ai pas compris un mot de ce qu'elle disait;
    ∎ we couldn't do a thing about it nous n'y pouvions absolument rien;
    ∎ I couldn't do a thing to help je n'ai rien pu faire pour me rendre utile;
    ∎ it doesn't mean a thing to me (I don't understand it at all) je n'y comprends (absolument) rien; (it isn't at all familiar to me) ça ne me dit absolument rien; (it doesn't concern me at all) ça ne me concerne pas;
    ∎ she hadn't got a thing on elle était entièrement nue;
    ∎ I haven't got a thing to wear je n'ai rien à me mettre sur le dos
    (d) (creature, being) créature f, être m;
    ∎ the thing he loves most is his dog ce qu'il aime le plus, c'est son chien;
    ∎ there wasn't a living thing around il n'y avait pas âme qui vive;
    ∎ what a sweet little thing! quel amour!;
    ∎ she's a dear old thing c'est une charmante petite vieille;
    ∎ you silly thing espèce d'idiot;
    ∎ poor thing! (said about somebody) le/la pauvre!; (said to somebody) mon/ma pauvre!; (animal) (la) pauvre bête!
    ∎ the thing from outer space le monstre de l'espace
    B.
    (a) (idea, notion) idée f, chose f;
    ∎ the best thing would be to ask them le mieux serait de leur demander;
    ∎ it would be a good thing if we all went together ce serait une bonne chose que nous y allions tous ensemble;
    ∎ it's a good thing (for you) no one knew heureusement (pour vous) que personne ne savait;
    ∎ to be on to a good thing être sur une bonne affaire;
    ∎ to know a thing or two about sth s'y connaître en qch;
    ∎ I could show him a thing or two about hang gliding je pourrais lui apprendre une ou deux petites choses en deltaplane
    (b) (matter, question) chose f, question f;
    ∎ the thing is, we can't really afford it le problème, c'est qu'on n'a pas vraiment les moyens;
    ∎ the thing is, will she want to come? le problème c'est qu'on ne sait pas si elle voudra venir;
    ∎ the main thing is to succeed ce qui importe, c'est de réussir;
    ∎ the important thing is not to stop ce qui compte, c'est de ne pas arrêter;
    ∎ the thing to remember is that… ce dont il faut se souvenir est que…;
    ∎ it's one thing to talk but quite another to act parler est une chose, agir en est une autre;
    ∎ that's quite another thing ça, c'est tout autre chose;
    ∎ and another thing en plus;
    ∎ we talked of one thing and another nous avons parlé de choses et d'autres;
    ∎ what with one thing and another, I haven't had time avec tout ce qu'il y avait à faire, je n'ai pas eu le temps;
    ∎ if it's not one thing, it's another, it's one thing after another ça ne s'arrête jamais;
    ∎ taking one thing with another à tout prendre, somme toute
    ∎ that's not a very nice thing to say ce n'est pas très gentil de dire ça;
    ∎ she said some nasty things about him elle a dit des méchancetés sur lui;
    ∎ how can you say such a thing? comment pouvez-vous dire une chose pareille?;
    ∎ the things you say! les choses que tu peux dire parfois!;
    ∎ I said no such thing! je n'ai rien dit de tel!;
    ∎ I said the first thing that came into my head j'ai dit la première chose qui m'est venue à l'esprit
    (d) (quality, characteristic) chose f;
    ∎ one of the things I like about her is her sense of humour une des choses que j'aime chez elle, c'est son sens de l'humour;
    ∎ the town has a lot of things going for it la ville a beaucoup de bons côtés
    C.
    ∎ to have a thing about sb/sth (like) avoir un faible pour qn/qch□ ; (dislike) avoir horreur de qn/qch□ ;
    ∎ I have a thing about seafood (like) j'aime vraiment les fruits de mer□ ; (dislike) je n'aime vraiment pas les fruits de mer□ ;
    ∎ he has a thing about red hair (likes) il adore les cheveux roux□ ; (dislikes) il a quelque chose contre les cheveux roux□ ;
    ∎ it's a bit of a thing with me (like) j'aime assez ça□ ; (dislike) c'est ma bête noire
    ∎ it's not really my thing ce n'est pas vraiment mon truc;
    ∎ he went off to the States to do his own thing il est parti aux États-Unis vivre sa vie□
    (c) (what is needed, required) idéal m;
    ∎ hot cocoa is just the thing on a winter's night un chocolat chaud, c'est l'idéal les soirs d'hiver;
    ∎ that's the very thing c'est juste ce qu'il faut;
    ∎ that's the very thing for my bad back! c'est juste ce dont j'avais besoin pour mon mal de dos!
    (d) (fashion) mode f;
    ∎ it's the latest thing in swimwear c'est la dernière mode en matière de maillots de bain;
    ∎ it's quite the thing c'est très à la mode;
    ∎ natural food is the thing just now les aliments biologiques sont la grande mode en ce moment;
    ∎ a thing of the past une chose du passé
    ∎ to make a big thing about sth faire (tout) un plat de qch;
    ∎ he made a big thing out of my not going il a fait tout un plat parce que je n'y allais pas;
    ∎ there's no need to make a big thing out of it! ce n'est pas la peine d'en faire tout un plat ou toute une montagne!
    ∎ to have a thing with sb avoir une liaison avec qn□
    (g) familiar (penis) chose f
    (a) (belongings) effets mpl, affaires fpl; (clothes) affaires fpl; (equipment) affaires fpl, attirail m; (tools) outils mpl, ustensiles mpl;
    ∎ put your things away ramassez vos affaires;
    ∎ take your wet things off enlevez vos affaires humides;
    ∎ you can take your things off in the bedroom vous pouvez vous déshabiller dans la chambre;
    ∎ have you brought your fishing/swimming things? avez-vous apporté votre attirail de pêche/vos affaires de piscine?;
    ∎ have you washed the breakfast things? as-tu fait la vaisselle du petit déjeuner?;
    ∎ to take the tea things away desservir la table (après le thé);
    ∎ to pack (up) one's things faire ses valises
    (b) (situation, circumstances) choses fpl;
    ∎ familiar how's or how are things? comment ça va?;
    ∎ things are getting better les choses vont mieux;
    ∎ things are going badly ça va mal;
    ∎ things began to get rather dangerous les choses ont commencé à devenir assez dangereuses;
    ∎ I feel rather out of things je n'ai pas l'impression d'être vraiment dans le bain;
    ∎ you take things too seriously vous prenez les choses trop au sérieux;
    ∎ I need time to think things over j'ai besoin de temps pour réfléchir;
    ∎ as things are or stand dans l'état actuel des choses;
    ∎ things being what they are les choses étant ce qu'elles sont;
    ∎ it's just one of those things ce sont des choses qui arrivent
    ∎ things of the mind les choses fpl de l'esprit;
    ∎ she's interested in all things French elle s'intéresse à tout ce qui est français;
    ∎ moderation in all things de la modération en tout;
    ∎ she wants to be an airline pilot of all things! elle veut être pilote de ligne, non mais vraiment!
    (d) (facts, actions etc) choses fpl;
    ∎ they did terrible things to their prisoners ils ont fait des choses atroces à leurs prisonniers;
    ∎ I've heard good things about his work on dit du bien de son travail
    (e) Law (property) biens mpl
    (tout) d'abord;
    ∎ for one thing… and for another thing (tout) d'abord… et puis;
    ∎ well for one thing, we can't afford it pour commencer, nous n'en avons pas les moyens

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > thing

  • 19 fortune

    1. ['fɔːʧuːn], [-ːtjuːn]; амер. ['fɔːrʧən] сущ.
    1) состояние (имущество, собственность)

    to dissipate / run through / squander a fortune — проматывать состояние

    She lost her fortune in the war. — Она лишилась своего состояния во время войны.

    His fortune has been estimated at $100 million. — Его состояние оценивается в 100 миллионов долларов.

    2) разг.; = a small fortune кругленькая сумма, целое состояние

    to cost / be worth a fortune — стоить кучу денег, быть очень дорогим

    That dusty old painting on the wall could well be worth a small fortune. — Эта покрытая пылью старая картина на стене может стоить целого состояния.

    3) участь, доля, судьба

    This little farm seemed to offer me a safe place of abode and means of subsistence until my fortune changed for the better. — Казалось, что эта ферма будет мне надёжным прибежищем и обеспечит меня средствами к существованию до тех пор, пока в моей судьбе не произойдёт перемен к лучшему.

    Through all his changing fortunes, he never lost courage. — Что бы с ним ни происходило, он никогда не терял мужества.

    4) = good fortune счастье, удача, везение

    I could hardly believe my fortune. — Я едва мог поверить своему счастью.

    I escaped being caught by good fortune. — Меня не поймали благодаря счастливой случайности.

    He had the good fortune to be in the right place at the right time. — Ему посчастливилось оказаться в нужном месте в нужное время.

    Hoping his good fortune would last for the rest of the day he put £50 on Middlesbrough to beat Manchester United. — Надеясь, что в этот день ему и дальше будет везти, он поставил 50 фунтов стерлингов на то, что "Мидлзбро" обыграет "Манчестер Юнайтед".

    5) высок. ( Fortune) фортуна ( олицетворение удачи)

    May Fortune smile on our enterprise this day. — Пусть фортуна улыбнётся нам в этот день.

    6) счастье, благополучие, богатство

    I set off to seek my fortune in another country. — Я отправился искать счастья в другой стране.

    After trying his fortune in France and Germany, he eventually settled in Holland. — Попытав счастья во Франции и Германии, он осел в Голландии.

    ••

    to tell someone's fortune — предсказывать чью-л. судьбу; гадать кому-л.

    Fortune favours the brave. посл. — Смелость города берёт.

    2. ['fɔːʧuːn], [-tjuːn]; амер. ['fɔːrʧən] гл.; уст.; поэт.
    1) происходить, случаться, совершаться
    Syn:
    2) обеспечить приданым (кого-л.), дать приданое (за кем-л.)
    Syn:
    3) ( fortune upon) случайно обнаружить (что-л.), наткнуться (на что-л.)

    He had once fortuned upon the notion of that excellent manner in an old book, which came afterwards to be in vogue. — Однажды он наткнулся в одной старой книге на упоминание об этом прекрасном стиле, который впоследствии стал очень модным.

    Англо-русский современный словарь > fortune

  • 20 Usage note : be

    The direct French equivalent of the verb to be in subject + to be + predicate sentences is être:
    I am tired
    = je suis fatigué
    Caroline is French
    = Caroline est française
    the children are in the garden
    = les enfants sont dans le jardin
    It functions in very much the same way as to be does in English and it is safe to assume it will work as a translation in the great majority of cases.
    Note, however, that when you are specifying a person’s profession or trade, a/an is not translated:
    she’s a doctor
    = elle est médecin
    Claudie is still a student
    = Claudie est toujours étudiante
    This is true of any noun used in apposition when the subject is a person:
    he’s a widower
    = il est veuf
    But
    Lyons is a beautiful city
    = Lyon est une belle ville
    For more information or expressions involving professions and trades consult the usage note Shops, Trades and Professions.
    For the conjugation of the verb être see the French verb tables.
    Grammatical functions
    The passive
    être is used to form the passive in French just as to be is used in English. Note, however, that the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject:
    the rabbit was killed by a fox
    = le lapin a été tué par un renard
    the window had been broken
    = la fenêtre avait été cassée
    their books will be sold
    = leurs livres seront vendus
    our doors have been repainted red
    = nos portes ont été repeintes en rouge
    In spoken language, French native speakers find the passive cumbersome and will avoid it where possible by using the impersonal on where a person or people are clearly involved : on a repeint nos portes en rouge.
    Progressive tenses
    In French the idea of something happening over a period of time cannot be expressed using the verb être in the way that to be is used as an auxiliary verb in English.
    The present
    French uses simply the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:
    I am working
    = je travaille
    Ben is reading a book
    = Ben lit un livre
    The future
    French also uses the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:
    we are going to London tomorrow
    = nous allons à Londres demain
    I’m (just) coming!
    = j’arrive!
    I’m (just) going!
    = j’y vais!
    The past
    To express the distinction between she read a newspaper and she was reading a newspaper French uses the perfect and the imperfect tenses: elle a lu un journal/elle lisait un journal:
    he wrote to his mother
    = il a écrit à sa mère
    he was writing to his mother
    = il écrivait à sa mère
    However, in order to accentuate the notion of describing an activity which went on over a period of time, the phrase être en train de (= to be in the process of) is often used:
    ‘what was he doing when you arrived?’
    ‘he was cooking the dinner’
    = ‘qu’est-ce qu’il faisait quand tu es arrivé?’ ‘il était en train de préparer le dîner’
    she was just finishing her essay when …
    = elle était juste en train de finir sa dissertation quand …
    The compound past
    Compound past tenses in the progressive form in English are generally translated by the imperfect in French:
    I’ve been looking for you
    = je te cherchais
    For progressive forms + for and since (I’ve been waiting for an hour, I had been waiting for an hour, I’ve been waiting since Monday etc.) see the entries for and since.
    Obligation
    When to be is used as an auxiliary verb with another verb in the infinitive ( to be to do) expressing obligation, a fixed arrangement or destiny, devoir is used:
    she’s to do it at once
    = elle doit le faire tout de suite
    what am I to do?
    = qu’est-ce que je dois faire?
    he was to arrive last Monday
    = il devait arriver lundi dernier
    she was never to see him again
    = elle ne devait plus le revoir.
    In tag questions
    French has no direct equivalent of tag questions like isn’t he? or wasn’t it? There is a general tag question n’est-ce pas? (literally isn’t it so?) which will work in many cases:
    their house is lovely, isn’t it?
    = leur maison est très belle, n’est-ce pas?
    he’s a doctor, isn’t he?
    = il est médecin, n’est-ce pas?
    it was a very good meal, wasn’t it?
    = c’était un très bon repas, n’est-ce pas?
    However, n’est-ce pas can very rarely be used for positive tag questions and some other way will be found to express the extra meaning contained in the tag: par hasard ( by any chance) can be very useful as a translation:
    ‘I can’t find my glasses’ ‘they’re not in the kitchen, are they?’
    = ‘je ne trouve pas mes lunettes’ ‘elles ne sont pas dans la cuisine, par hasard?’
    you haven’t seen Gaby, have you?
    = tu n’as pas vu Gaby, par hasard?
    In cases where an opinion is being sought, si? meaning more or less or is it? or was it? etc. can be useful:
    it’s not broken, is it?
    = ce n’est pas cassé, si?
    he wasn’t serious, was he?
    = il n’était pas sérieux, si?
    In many other cases the tag question is simply not translated at all and the speaker’s intonation will convey the implied question.
    In short answers
    Again, there is no direct equivalent for short answers like yes I am, no he’s not etc. Where the answer yes is given to contradict a negative question or statement, the most useful translation is si:
    ‘you’re not going out tonight’ ‘yes I am’
    = ‘tu ne sors pas ce soir’ ‘si’
    In reply to a standard enquiry the tag will not be translated:
    ‘are you a doctor?’ ‘yes I am’
    = ‘êtes-vous médecin?’ ‘oui’
    ‘was it raining?’ ‘yes it was’
    = ‘est-ce qu’il pleuvait?’ ‘oui’
    Probability
    For expressions of probability and supposition ( if I were you etc.) see the entry be.
    Other functions
    Expressing sensations and feelings
    In expressing physical and mental sensations, the verb used in French is avoir:
    to be cold
    = avoir froid
    to be hot
    = avoir chaud
    I’m cold
    = j’ai froid
    to be thirsty
    = avoir soif
    to be hungry
    = avoir faim
    to be ashamed
    = avoir honte
    my hands are cold
    = j’ai froid aux mains
    If, however, you are in doubt as to which verb to use in such expressions, you should consult the entry for the appropriate adjective.
    Discussing health and how people are
    In expressions of health and polite enquiries about how people are, aller is used:
    how are you?
    = comment allez-vous?
    ( more informally) comment vas-tu?
    are you well?
    = vous allez bien?
    how is your daughter?
    = comment va votre fille?
    my father is better today
    = mon père va mieux aujourd’hui
    Discussing weather and temperature
    In expressions of weather and temperature faire is generally used:
    it’s cold
    = il fait froid
    it’s windy
    = il fait du vent
    If in doubt, consult the appropriate adjective entry.
    Visiting somewhere
    When to be is used in the present perfect tense to mean go, visit etc., French will generally use the verbs venir, aller etc. rather than être:
    I’ve never been to Sweden
    = je ne suis jamais allé en Suède
    have you been to the Louvre?
    = est-ce que tu es déjà allé au Louvre?
    or est-ce que tu as déjà visité le Louvre?
    Paul has been to see us three times
    = Paul est venu nous voir trois fois
    Note too:
    has the postman been?
    = est-ce que le facteur est passé?
    For here is, here are, there is, there are see the entries here and there.
    The translation for an expression or idiom containing the verb to be will be found in the dictionary at the entry for another word in the expression: for to be in danger see danger, for it would be best to … see best etc.
    This dictionary contains usage notes on topics such as the clock, time units, age, weight measurement, days of the week, and shops, trades and professions, many of which include translations of particular uses of to be.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : be

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